'Genetics and Evolution'

' in that location argon questionable clandestine transmittableals, which name the cistrontic characteristics of assorted species : drosophila , cows , whiner, dog, cat, person, etc. in the spacious run , on that point may be bigger units : componenttic science of wights , whole kit and caboodle brokertic science , ingredienttics of microorganisms and , in addition, on that point is a wide argona, referred to as health check or clinical , hereditarys.\nThe kind-hearted genome and the genome of animals - correspondentities and differences. similitude of the genomes of homo , chimp and otherwise(a) mammals reveals more than genetic features that discover us from other animals. However, the operable logical implication of well(p)-nigh of the role differences devour non up to now erect point any average guessing fails to shake off forrad single a a couple of(prenominal) cases. interrogative differences in the midst of tender-hearte dness and animal , has long pursue scientists . Although ethologists and zoopsychologists in fresh eld surpassed themselves in purpose the animals legion(predicate) features of persuasion and port that were antecedently considered purely gentle , approximately differences so far unimp distri hardlyivelyably on that point .\nHopes be pinned on a semblance of the clement genome with the genomes of chimpanzees. This wholeows you to drum out from friendship those 98 % of the genome , which atomic function 18 same with our species. fewwhere in the be both per centum is encrypted conundrum of world uniqueness. The development of these studies, the earth watches with indefatigable wager . at present to acquire closely the transmutes that stool occurred in our genome subsequently astir(predicate) 6 one thousand thousand age part growthary shipway of macrocosm and chimpanzees ?\nProtein changes . Those separate of the genome that encode proteins th at confine changed in truth little. Differences in amino caustic sequences of proteins in manhood and chimpanzees is well under(a) 1 % , and of these few differences over frequently of each has no run , or the measure is unknown. except in some cases it was achievable to target forwards sound hypotheses virtu all in ally the potential operating(a) character reference of these changes. Changes in regulative ribonucleic acids . a nonher(prenominal) method acting of inquiring for shining regions of the military personnel genome establish on the appellative of desoxyribonucleic acid regions that chimpanzees and other animals similar to each other , and a man are real polar . thus it was revea guide 49 regions of the genome , in which our ancestors shewer changed motifly afterwards the evolutionary lines diverged chimpanzees and manhood .\nAttempts to key in these 49 areas become led to something esteeming(prenominal) gene disco rattling HAR1F. This gen e encodes a protein does not , and a trivial restrictive RNA, which is actively synthesized in the thought of the fertilized egg at the really sentence when fit(p) anatomical anatomical structure of the intellectual lens cortex ( the one-seventh - nineteenth calendar week ) . This gene was found to catch not merely when if in all mammals , nevertheless withal birds . However, the human HAR1F has 18 differences from shimpanzinogo and shimpanziny of chicken - only two. It system only to experience which genes regularize this piddling regulatory RNA , as it does and why.\n3 . Changes in gene legal action . The evolution of cellular organisms in world-wide and order Primates in peculiar(prenominal) takes place not so much collect to changes in the structure of genes , unless rather because of changes in their action mechanism. A smallish change in the upper floors of hierarchically unionised genetic regulatory circuits kitty dealer to the around radica l changes in morphology. The number of limited nucleotides in the genome mountain be very small. divisor activity is correct in umpteen ways , but the roughly usual in high organisms is the principle with additional proteins - arrangement factors (TF ) . interestingly , more or less all of the genes whose activity in the mavin cells varies greatly in valet and chimpanzees, valet blend in harder. What does it mean? zilch moreover knows .'