Building Types through Time

Since the evolution of mankind, he has been in the struggle of creating and molding the world and its raw resources according to his dire needs and comfort. When Adam and Eve were sent down to an absolute barren world they had all the resources unrestricted, and in an unlimited amount, but what they didn’t have then was knowledge of exploiting them or even the crave of attaining comfort of unimaginable means. They lived in small stone caves, supported with branches of trees and nature, sheltering themselves just like their peer animals.Man since the very beginning has been the same animal, however the way his surroundings changed and his abilities evolved, he gained the potential of achieving the maximum efficiency and production from his living designs and that is the concept of derived modernism in man’s life today. What identifies man from other animals of his race is his ability to think, to create and then design it according to his own needs.And his ability to fin d and form a shelter for him self and his family, has been his habit since prehistoric times; while the economy and technology have been changing throughout his life, so have been the forms of his construction and way of living. The word architecture can be taken in a very broad manner; from the residential houses, bungalows, flats and apartments, to commercial plazas, offices, shops and industrial structures.While over the time, with the malting of candle of time the architectural form which has witnessed the greatest change due to societal, demographical, economical, political and technological changes is that of residential buildings and its architecture. Stone Age Constructions Taking a look back into the history of mankind, we see that during the Stone Age’s man started off his life in animal like caves, and under canopies of trees, which could provide them shelter from the changing seasons and protection from the wild animals around.He did not possess the knowledge or t he tools to formulate anything more comfortable for himself and did not even have the potential of doing so. The human living status however soon shifted to tents and huts, to meet greater needs of self sufficiency. With the growth of man’s needs and the population size, with the formation of ruling bodies, came the establishment of urban centers. This change in establishment was brought forth by simple use of wood and metal in construction techniques; along with the use of nails, levers and pulleys.Medieval Construction With the 1500 century, residential architecture found a new era of development and progress with the rising of cathedrals, castles, and fortifications; the biggest man made structures even to this time, with their grandeur and magnificent craftsmanship. These huge structures were mainly built for the war purposes, in case of an attack from the enemies, these residences were also used as battlefields.Large forts were built in which entire cities lived so that if any threat to sovereignty occurred the mighty gates were closed, securing the entire population guarded by huge strong walls which surrounded them around. Theses powerful structures, had crosses erected across the glass windows, which represented ready made aims for crossbows, while strong arches and pillars were hiding places for the archers during war times. Thus the residences of the medieval times basically facilitated the warriors and served a stronger protection purpose from the enemies.However, as the world moved towards a greater peaceful living, one of the greatest elements of change that was brought during this period was the discovery of bricks, which greatly eased the production techniques making it less time consuming and gave a greater liberty to the designers. Thus houses shifted from less of being battle fields and more towards homely structures. Renaissance architecture As the world was shifting from living lives less of that of warriors, and had the aesthetic se nse slowly inhabiting their culture and tradition, the social lives of the people were on the verge of seeing a major change.Art was slowly becoming a modern part of their lives, which first started the sense of creating the elite and sophisticated class of aristocrats who greatly indulged in the exhibition of this abstract sense. This cultural rebirth was brought by the philosophical and scientific works which were gaining great popularity. The architecture of this period thus presented the aim of joining spaces to human lives, by which the theories of geometry were relate to light and how it varied with different materials, bringing the idea of ‘perspective viewing’ for the first time.Thus first architectural plans came into being, where designs were laid out first before they were rectified, and the idea plunged from France, to Italy, England and took over the rest of the world. Thus the new perspectives were further refined by the coming of the Baroque Architecture in the 17th Century, which redefined Renaissance with the agility of sculptures and theatrical fashion clean sweeping the olden ideas established by the staunch Church laws, which represented the religious shift of people from pure Catholicism to Protestants.It thus gained is freedom through fortifying grand palaces in Paris, London and then the rest of the world, the period giving birth to the world’s greatest architects such as Michelangelo and Carlo Maderno. Industrial Revolution and the rise of Modern Techniques The Industrial Revolution, a period which elongated from the late 18th to the early 19th Century, was an era which brought major structural changes in agriculture, manufacturing and transportation; greatly influencing the socioeconomic and cultural status of people in the North America and Britain, which later slowly took over the entire world.This was an era, in which machinery was gradually taking over manual and animal drift labor, whereby impossible acts seeme d to be coming to reality, with massive production, less time consumption, greater efficiency, lower costs as well as magnified distribution facilities. This revolution influenced the normal life style of almost every individual, who became a part of the new machine world. The turning point was brought by the easier transportation techniques, reinforced with the development of steam engines, giving life to trains, canals and road; and also the usage of metal and steel at higher levels for stronger and machinery.This metal was being used for the development of I-Beams and reinforced concrete; glass panels were being excessively installed, with more intricate wooden work now being made possible with precise machinery, able to work on minute details. Also with the launch of plumbing techniques, access to drinking water became easier, and thus houses could now even be built further away from a water source. However the Industrial Revolution, also gave rise to the new riches and poor who had been forced out of the income stream.It divided the community into two halves, the capitalist’s class who were the rich factory owners and industrialists living in enormous castles and gardens to meddle in, while the poor labor class hardly survived in small houses clustered in abundance across a street, which shared sanitation facilities. Epidemics of disease plagued these claustrophobic areas, where there were almost no plumbing facilities, no food supplies and large families living in houses of one or two rooms, with no government rules to intervene with the inhumane conditions.Victorian Architecture The Victorian era, which predominantly attained its name; through the rule of Queen Victoria (from 1837 to 1901); is most importantly remembered for the grace and elegance that it brought in the architectural sense of that time period. The newly established Industrial Revolution, which had made machine made products now cheaper and easier to use by the majority of the peo ple, saw the development of complex houses, different from their regular box like forms.The architects ad constructors found themselves exploding with ideas and notions which were diverse and freed themselves from the traditional forms, and allowed them to play with bolder colors, elaborate and prudent exterior fixtures. With the growth of trade, and growing influx of people to and forth different parts of the world; brought in more creative ideas. The most famous of the Victorian houses were the Gothic styles, or commonly known as the gingerbread homes; due to their strong color and intricate structures, derived their inspiration from Western Europe.As the era became more engrossed in maintaining grander, the Italianate style came in formation with huge arches and pediments influenced from the Roman Architecture were camouflaged into everyday houses, with porches elaborated with a centered square. As urbanized architecture was on the rise, mass and cheaper productions of materials were required, which it initiated the development of wooden shingles rather than the thick wooden use; thus for the first time the working class could erect their own homes, giving birth to the English traditional cottage style and American homestead, popularly known today as the Folk Victorian architecture.While the richer class dwelled in more expensive sort of ‘Queen Anne homes,’ with unequal floor plans, numerous arched windows, grand porches, elaborate, fancy gardens all fountain set and decorative windows and doors. While the American architecture of mansions consisted of large stone buildings, topped with giant chimneys, large windows and decorated with massive sculptures around the house. Moreover, the Industrial Revolution provided the cheap availability of brass and steel hardware utilized throughout these houses.History states that every great revolution or civilization meets it end in catastrophe, and so did the Victorian Era, whose closure was marked by the First World War in 1914. Whereas on the other hand, modernization and rise in incomes which was brought by the Industrial revolution, was further engulfed by the Great Depression, which plagued the economic status of the people. This span of downtrodden economies spun from 1929, and ended in the late 1930s to 1940. Modern Architectural DesignsThe end of the Second World War, brought with it an era of International living, with ever increased communication levels around the global, emerging creativity, sophisticated tools and designs which were impossible before now were standing in the broad daylight exhibiting the evolution of man’s mind to greatness. With the emergence of developing countries, new and intricate ideas were on the rise. Where structures stood on abstract lines, giving the architects a wide field to play with geometrical figures and culminate them into an extraordinary structure, each standing a loaf from the other in every aspect.In the 1930’s came th e idea of Art Deco, which exploited the use of various other materials such as nickel, chrome, stainless steel and aluminum. These substances proved to be more efficient and cheaper to use. However, to accommodate the war trodden refugees houses which were more simple and quicker to produce were introduced, making elaborate use of glass, flat roofs and simple interior. While most of these houses were duplicates of each other lacking individuality, but enough to meet up with daily needs; whereas an attached garage was a new feature.The second Industrial Revolution, in the early 20th century, with the aid of computer generation, and even efficient poor tools and machinery, led to the establishment of elevators and escalators, to approach the high rise buildings, later turning into skyscrapers, and it attained its maximum with the building of the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York in 1977, which however faced its tragedy in 2001 due to the rising political calamity throu gh the world.The modern architecture is a blend of boldness, affordability, abstract designs and comfort; which all look towards the gleaming future of innovation. However, an aspect which cannot be avoided in these residences is their connection still staying strong with the traditional lines and patterns of their ancestors, which gives it a stronger and more sustainable area of growth, developing its roots for a longer time of existence.Nevertheless, the social status of the modern homes is evolving towards smaller families usually comprising of four members, thus such families also prefer living in a relatively smaller house, which is cost effective and could be easily be maintained by the mediocre earning of both the parents. Today with the growing urbanization and over utilization of resources, most of the residential architecture of the modern times is moving towards energy conservation and more of a sustainable development, which is easy to maintain and is less heavy upon the incomes of individuals.The residences of the future will be less of consumer friendly but more catering towards the needs of the environment. Throughout the world resources have been exploited to their maximum, with the increasing green houses effect, global warming, curtailing energy resources, and growing population levels there is a need of the creation of â€Å"Green Building,† which focuses upon conservation of energy, materials and water, which would have least externalities upon human health and the environment.Thus architecture is a living source, which evolves with time, perspective and society, taking over the shape and style which best meets its needs of the present as well for the generations to follow. References Dixon, Roger and Muthesius, Stephan. (1978) Victorian architecture. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-18163-2 Ching,F. , Jarzombek, M. , & Prakash, V. (2006). A Global History of Architecture. John Wiley and Sons Inc. Hopkins, R. (2002). A Natural Way of Buil ding. Transition Culture.Retrieved on April 26, 2009 from http://transitionculture. org/essential-info/articles/a-natural-way-of-building-2002/ Pater, P. (1976). Renaissance Rome. University of California Press The Architectural Timeline: Victorian. Retrieved on April 26, 2009 from http://houseofantiquehardware. com/site/timeline/tl_victorian. html Theisson, A. The Evolution of American Residential Architecture. Retrieved on April 24, 2009 from http://www. helium. com/items/1366726-american-residential-architecture? page=2

History Indian Democracy and British Raj

India’s struggle for independence by Bipan Citandra Indian National Congress Founded * Founded in December 1885 by 72 political workers. * First organised expression of Indian nationalism on an all-India scale A powerful and long lasting myth ‘the safety valve’ had arisen around this question. The myth is that The Indian National Congress: * Started by A. O. Hume and other under the official direction, guidance and advice of no less a person that Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy * Was to provide a safe, mild, peaceful, and constitutional outlet or safety Valve * For the rising dissatisfaction among the peopleThat was leading towards a popular and violent resolution * Core was that violent revolution was on the cards at the time Was avoided by the foundation of the Congress * Liberals accept it * Writers accept it * Radicals use it to prove that Congress has always been comprising imperialism. * Extreme right use it to show that the Congress has been anti-national from t he beginning All agree that the manner of its birth affected the basic character and future work of the Congress in a crucial manner Young India by Extremist leader Lala Lajpat Raj Used ‘safety valve’ theory to attack the Moderates in the Congress * Suggested Congress ‘was a product of Lord Dufferin’s brain’ * Argued that ‘the Congress was started more with the object of saving the British Empire from danger than with that of winning political liberty for India. The interests of the British Empire were primary and those of India only secondary’. * Added ‘no one can say that the Congress has not been true to that ideal’ India Today by R. Palme Dutt * Myth of the safety valve = an important element in the liberal and adical section of the political system * Wrote that Congress as bought into existence through direct Governmental initiative and guidance and through ‘a plan secretly pre-arranged with the Viceroy’ * Wrote that Congress was used by Government ‘as an intended weapon for safeguarding British rule against the rising forces of popular unrest and anti-impending revolution’ * Said it was ‘an attempt to defeat, or rather forestall, an impending revolution * Said congress had two strands 1. Strand of cooperation with imperialism against the ‘menace’ of the mass movement 2.Strand of leadership of the masses in the national struggle Congress in time became a nationalist body and the vehicle of mass movements. It became the organiser of the anti-imperialist movement. It fought and collaborated with imperialism, and led to the mass movements and when the masses moved towards the revolutionary path, it betrayed the movement to imperialism. Became an organ of opposition to real revolution, a violent revolution. We by M. S. Golwalkar(RSS Chief) Found safety valve theory handy in attaching the Congress for its secularism and anti-nationalism. Said that Hindu nati onal consciousness had been destroyed by those claiming to be nationalists who had pushed the ‘notions of democracy’ and the perverse notion that the Muslims had something in common with the Hindus * Suggested the fight in India was not just between Indians and British it was a ‘triangular fight’ Hindus were at war with Muslims and on the other hand with the British * Said what led Hindus to ‘denationalisation’ was the aims and policy laid down by Hume, Cotton and Wedderburn in 1885 The Rise and Growth of the Congress in India by liberal C.F. Andrews and Girija Mukerji * They fully accepted the safety valve theory * It had helped avoid ‘useless bloodshed’ before as well as after 1947 Tens of scholars and hundreds of popular writers have repeated some version of these points of view. Rise and Growth Despite the fact that Hume was a lover of liberty and wanted political liberty for India under the aegis of the British Crown be was ab ove all an English Patriot , once he saw British rule was threatened with an impending calamity he decided to create a safety valve for the discontent.Hume wrote: ‘I was shown several large volumes containing a vast number of entries†¦ all arranged according to district’ he mentions that he had volumes in his possession only for a week, ‘all going to show that these poor men were pervaded with a sense of the hopelessness of the existing state of affairs; that they were convinced that they would starve and die, and that they wanted to do something, and stand by each other, and that something meant violence’ Very soon the seven volumes started undergoing a transformation * In 1933 (in Gurmukh Hihal Singh’s hands) they became ‘government reports’ * Andrews and Mukerji transformed them into ‘several volumes of secret reports from the CID’ * Came into Hume’s possession in this official capacity Dutt wrote, ‘Hume in his official capacity had received possession of the voluminous secret police reports’

Pleasure †Morality Essay

Mill is an heir of an intellectual movement in England known as Utilitarianism; utilitarianism is concerned with the acquisition of pleasure and elimination of pain. John Stuart Mill follows the guidelines of utilitarianism in order to decide if certain actions are moral. Utilitarianism states that a person should perform the action that produces the most pleasurable outcome for every person involved. In order to accurately judge if one pleasure is greater than another, the person must be unprejudiced and have experienced both; such judges will prefer the higher pleasures over the lower ones. However, Mill recognizes that people aren’t always driven to follow moral social standards, because the reasons behind their actions can be not only external but internal as well. What Mill means is that expectations of us from our peers and from a higher being, such as God, do not obligate us to follow these rules set out by society; it is our own feeling within that holds us accountable to these standards. Lastly, Mill believes that in order to be a moral creature, we must obey the three conditions of utility: 1) Goodness is understood as production of happiness, elimination of pain, 2) for all of those concerned with the action, and 3) each counts for one and â€Å"no more than one. † Utilitarian’s believe that a person’s actions are right if they produce happiness; â€Å"the greatest happiness of greatest number,†(Denise, Peterfreund, and White, p. 158). Michael, Peter and Samir are employees at Initech and are planning scamming the company by installing a computer virus that skims money out of the company’s bank account. Mill would look at this action by looking at the conditions of utilitarianism. Although they meet the first criteria of producing happiness through the elimination of pain by acquiring large amounts of money, they do not meet part two or three. In regards to part two, it does produce happiness for the ones directly performing the scam but it indirectly affects the other members working for Initech as well as stakeholders and therefore causes pain for those indirectly affected. Lastly, the third condition to count for one and only one is not met because a lot of people are involved. Mill also considers that in order for an action to be moral, it must come from within. Peter, being the leader of this scam, has no internal morals or considerations for those around him. Michael and Samir are only involved in this scam because they are the brains in this operation and it wouldn’t be possible to perform this action otherwise. Mill believes that although people are motivated by their own desires and they shouldn’t act on them. However, Peter, Michael, and Samir do just that. Mill thinks that when people are excessively fortunate that they are incapable of enjoying it because it only benefits themselves. This goes to show that their scam is immoral because it only directly increases their happiness due to their own self-interests. Also, Mill argues that a person with high capacities will need more to make him happy and therefore is capable of experiencing larger quantities of pain; however, they still shouldn’t allow this to lower their expectations and faculties. Although Peter has experienced a prolonged period of pain while working at Initech through tedious tasks and constant pressure from his eight bosses, this should not be a good enough reason for him to affect others’ faculties and reduce their worth as human beings. Mill says,† it is greater to be a man dissatisfied than a pig satisfied,† (p. 162). In other words, Peter is not capable of experiencing the highest form of pleasure, and therefore chooses to increase the lower pleasures, lowering his existence in the world. Many people who start off wanting everything which is moral sometimes turn to selfish measures. The reason why so many people end up becoming selfish is due to being in occupations that lower their aspirations of something greater; which may be a reason why Michael, Peter, and Samir choose to go through with this scam. They are not unprejudiced judges because they do not know what higher pleasures consist of; due to lack of opportunity. Considering all of these utilitarian schemes, Mill would argue that although on the surface Michael, Samir, and Peter seem to be acting immorally, they could possibly be unable to accurately judge both the higher and lower pleasures because they were not capable of enjoying the higher pleasures.

Information and Systems Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information and Systems Security - Essay Example But with this ease of information access comes the issue of security. With the increase of information flow, there has been an increase in the number of attacks on information by hackers. Attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks, Spoofs, Sniffing, etc. have increased with the increase in the availability of hacking tools which are free of cost. Valuable information is lost in the process. For example, if a customer buys a product of a particular organization through their web-site and a hacker presents himself as the organization and receives the money from the customer, valuable information such as the ID of the customer, his credit card numbers, his passwords are all stolen by the hacker. Therefore such information has to be transferred securely over the Internet. Encryption is the most common way of securing valuable information while transmitting over the Internet (Rahman, 2003). Networks are secured in a different manner. They are secured using tools called "Firewalls". W henever transactions or information between a customer and an organization are being carried out, a particular pattern is followed. Firewalls recognize and allow only these transactions or processes to be carried out and block out all the unrecognized patterns. By implementing Firewalls, most of the attacks from the hackers can be kept out. Securing a network just does not happen. There are many issues to be considered when making policies for network security. The three main issues back in the earlier days were Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Due to the advances in the technologies, these issues have been mostly resolved. But in the present day Networks, other issues have appeared. These issues will eventually result in the breaching of confidentiality, integrity and availability thereby defeating the cause of coming up with Network Security policies. Security Factors Confidentiality: Confidentiality is ensuring that sensitive information does not fall into the hands of those who are not authorized to have it (Dhillon, 2001). Confidentiality is also known as secrecy or privacy. Integrity: Integrity means that the information is protected against unauthorized changes that are not detectable to authorized users (Kinkus, nd). Authenticity: Authentication means that the parties involved in communication first prove their identity before communication can begin (Tipton & Krause, 2007). Threats Risk to Data Data is the most crucial asset of a company. Remote Data Backups Inc, a leader in data security mentions the following possible reasons for threats to data (RemoteDataBackups.com, 2007): Hard Drive Failures: Hard drives are mechanical magnetic storage devices that are extremely susceptible to failure. Head crashes, circuit board shorts, electrostatic shocks, power surges, etc. can all lead to immediate crash of the hard drives. Viruses: Dangerous viruses can easily wipe out tones of data in matter of seconds. They are designed to affect nearly all parts of an IT system such as Operating Systems, Applications, Networks and Databases. System Changes: Making any inadvertent changes to an IT system may render the system useless. Power Failure: Power surges, sags and failures can damage hard drives

Human Resource (Supporting Organizational Strategies) Assignment

Human Resource (Supporting Organizational Strategies) - Assignment Example American Airlines and Southwest Airlines have taken different approaches to the way each organization handled on-time flights. The culture he describes in American Airlines is one of fear, promoting blame amongst the employees. Leaders demand to know who is responsible for the problem, focusing on accountability instead of the true causes (Pfeffer, 2005). On the other hand, Southwest Airlines is described as breeding a culture of accountability, but from a different perspective than that of American Airlines. Rather than focusing on the individual or group of people who have caused the delay, they make it a point to promote the fact that delays are everyone’s responsible; supporting the mind-set that the organization is a team. Thus, Pfeffer (2005) describes Southwest Airlines as having greater success in its approach, working to find solutions rather than the person or department to blame the problem on. Managing a company’s culture has been proven to be at the root of its successes, and failures (Pfeffer, 2005). While accountability is extremely important in business, who is being held accountable is even more critical. As can be seen in the American Airlines example discussed, the blame-game can transform a well-meaning system into a useless chain of finger-pointing in a hurry. Then, the focus is on finding out who is responsible for the problem, rather than how it happened, to try and avoid it in the future; hence, Pfeffer’s emphasis on changing leader mind-sets to change the culture. key source of competitive advantage,† there is another responsibility, just as crucial to overall business success, that Human Resources (HR) must consider (Pfeffer, 2005, p. 127). Pfeffer (2005) suggests the diagnosis of changes to be made in regard to the mind-set of an organization is one of the most important, yet most underestimated tasks the HR team will

Slavery by Another Name Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slavery by Another Name - Essay Example He uses real letters, and photos to pass the message to viewers of the film. It is evident that the film bases its topics on scholarly heritage, long-term experiences, and contributions of African. The documentary highlights that slavery was effectively considered only after the World War 2. The documentary also depicts themes such as forced labor that can be used by tutors’ in teaching students in the class. Slavery by Another Name is better since forced labor is a common topic practiced in the contemporary society; hence, still significant as subject to teach students (DeFore, 2012). The film is better than others to be added in the course since it has a unique and exceptional topic that analyses the historical events in America. It talks about new findings in American history since an individual has to involve in a thorough research to generate the topic. It is a summary and critique of the events that occurred amid the emancipation period and the end of the World War 2; therefore, making the documentary an outstanding one. Students learn that constitutions are not perfect, and some have mistakes since they are written by a human being. For example, the 13th Amendment of the constitution did not fully eliminate slavery; it had a clause that read ‘except as a punishment for a crime’ that gave room for the whites to arrest the blacks for petty mistakes made. Africans who escaped being arrested faced the wrath of paying debts (DeFore, 2012). Learners learn that racism is a negative factor in society and should not be practiced. Students learn that racism was the core reason for slavery. This knowledge will make them avoid practicing bigotry and advocate against it in the community.

Human Resources Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources - Research Paper Example The needs and demands of the working women differ from those of the male workers because of such issues. The implication of these issues of the working women upon the managers is to make specific policies for them so that the individualistic and collective needs of the working women are addressed and their productivity is maximized. One of the most fundamental challenges faced by the working women is the need to strike a balance between the work life and the personal life. According to the gender-based roles and responsibilities assigned to the women by the society and the culture, women have the added responsibility of managing their homes. Traditionally, men are expected to be the bread-earners for the families whereas women are expected to manage the money and take care of the family and the home. However, in the present age, as the cost of living has increased, more and more women feel intrinsically motivated and obliged to work to help their husbands in earning money, but they f ace the challenge of achieving this without compromising upon their fundamental responsibility of managing their homes and looking after their families. ... It so happens particularly in the conservative societies in which the society expects and obliges both men and women to consider their roles and responsibilities most important and superior to all other roles and responsibilities. In addition to these problems, the extreme sensitivity and delicacy of women is a negative factor as far as work is concerned. When something goes wrong at home, women workers remain preoccupied with the stress all day long which declines their efficiency and productivity in the workplace. It is hard for women workers to keep their personal life and work life separate. Likewise, when something bad happens at the workplace, e.g. insult from a senior or sexual harassment by a colleague, their personal life is also disturbed. In short, it is difficult for the women workers to balance their personal life and work life and the two also intertwine. While these problems overall declines the productivity of the women workers, they also make the women workers quite untrustworthy as they can break off any time. Women workers cannot be trusted to be permanent as they can leave the job at any time as a result of the pressure upon them by their families. Pregnancy is another big issue faced by the women workers as well as the managers. During pregnancy, women are recommended bed-rest and the pressure upon them by their families to leave work for the sake of work also increases. â€Å"In 2005, 4,449 pregnancy discrimination charges were filed with the commission or state and local employment agencies around the country. Half were related to unlawful dismissals either during a pregnancy or immediately after returning from maternity leave† (Paul). Pregnancy

Analysis & Discussion about gold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis & Discussion about gold - Essay Example People value gold and perceive it to a sign of purity and success. It is a metal used for jewelry, as investments and also as monetary exchange. Gold jewelers are considered to be the most successful business as they deal in something that has only seen appreciation in value most of the time. The value of gold is quoted in financial news and it fluctuates on daily basis. The gold rates are quoted for price in dollars for gold bullion which is the raw form of the metal. All countries publish gold prices in their respective currency on daily basis. Analysts link the value to the international gold rates quoted in the global markets. The market generally shows an upward trend of the gold prices but its fluctuations are based on the demand and supply of the metal itself. The sudden surge in the gold price is attributed to the shortage of this metal as compared to its demand. But some analysts argue that gold hoarders have led to artificial price hike at times. Although international laws and regulations keep a check on the gold prices and monitor its trading in a prudent manner. Gold was used as reserve currency for many decades. The use of gold coins and issuance of money equivalent to the gold reserve has been a very common in the past. In the second half of the nineteenth century an international gold standard was established. â€Å"The gold standard was created by the free market, the citizenry, and it operates to manage the supply of paper currency under self adjusting market system.† (Lewis 103) The use of gold as a monetary exchange was abolished and replaced by fiat currencies in the 20th century. Before currencies were convertible into gold but the declining gold reserves and the increasing international trading required currency interchange and thus currencies were made legal tenders by the government and were used for transaction and reserve purposes. â€Å"The price of a thing at any moment is determined by the quantity of money which has to be given for it, but ‘the quantity of money’ is a magnitude, which is in part determined by the nature of the unit of account employed.† (Gregory 4) The price of currencies previously was linked with gold and the purchasing power of the currency would be maintained in terms of gold. The same amount of currency, irrespective o f its metallic weight, whether it is a coin or a note, would be convertible to the same amount of gold. Thus the purchasing power in terms of the value of gold would be same and this determined the value of currency as well as the gold prices. But the scarcity of gold mines and deposits around the world has lead government to remove the gold and currency purchasing power equation and has made the paper currency a legal tender for all the transactions. The same amount of currency will have the same purchasing power or not cannot be guaranteed in the fiat - legal tender currency system. The gold has now become a commodity of exchange rather than i ts previous function of maintaining currencies purchasing power. â€Å"In today’s government controlled fiat money system, gold has lost its monetary function. However, gold has remained a kind of ultimate means of payment, protecting investors against financial crises and inflation.† (Belke & Polleit 13) People buy gold jewels, gold bars and gold coins from the investment point of view. The investment options may differ for

Arauco Case study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arauco Case study - Research Paper Example The overall contribution made by the new proposed pulp manufacturing facility will result into the expansion of the production capacity of the firm by more than 3 millions. This increase in capacity will therefore make the firm one of the leading manufacturers of pulp in the world in terms of overall production capacity. With an estimated investment of $1 Billion, the new project is estimated to produce sales of $350million per year. Since the overall estimated economic life of the plant would be 30 to 40 years therefore overall revenues will be equal to $14.00 Billions over the period of 40 years thus contributing significantly to the value of the firm. Though no specific discount rate is given however, given the sales generating capacity of the proposed project suggest that it will add significant value to the firm and firm’s shareholders will gain value from the proposed investment. Any organization willing to make its strategic move therefore has to look into its core comp etencies and must examine its core strengths. In past firms have made forward integration moves however, such moves proved fatal because of the integrated nature of the process. (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson). Suppressed demand for paper can seriously damage the profitability of the pulp business also because of the integrated nature of both the processes. It therefore becomes more critical to look into those aspects of the strategy where they can offer an insight into the ability of the firm to actually utilize its existing strengths in more effective manner rather than spending its energies on the development of new set of skills and competencies in order to compete in a market which has remained relatively untapped by the firm. Firm’s decision to move away from Pulp only could also be the direct result of its decision to diversify the business in other segments. Though the firm has expanded into related businesses however, diversifying from pulp business can be mostly a res ult of capitalizing on firm’s core competencies in manufacturing pulp at relatively low cost. It is also important to understand that the pulp sales of the firm have increased over the period of time suggesting that due to high demand and better cost efficiency, firm is able to sell its pulp products at relatively premium prices in the market. Such acceptability in the export markets therefore indicates that the firm has already established itself in international market in this segment of the business. Pulp is used for just 50% of the paper manufacturing therefore firm will have to acquire new set of skills and efficiency with which to use other remaining material and ingredients to produce better quality and low cost products. This would therefore invariably put the firm on a new learning curve thus slowing down its progress to become the market leader in the business. Recommendations Firm derives its competitive advantage from its low cost production and market reputation in the international market. Since firm is already backward integrated with access to high quality wood to manufacture pulp and other allied products therefore it is recommended that the firm should take the decision of horizontal expansion rather than engaging into forward integration. The proposed move will increase the production capacity of the firm by large

All Fungi Are Not the Same Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

All Fungi Are Not the Same - Essay Example Basidiomycota phylum develops through sexual means. Basidiospores are formed on club-shaped structures known as basidia. A terminal hyphal cell produces spores called basidium. In this phylum, asexual reproduction occurs, but occasionally. Some of its typical examples include the mushrooms rusts and toadstools. The Zygomycota phylum develops by both sexual and asexual means. They have thallus, which is composed of hyphae, which elongates through the growth of a tip. Multinucleate hyphae do not have septa except for the reproductive structures. When hyphae fuse, this directly leads to the formation of a zygote. In the process of zygote formation, meiosis occurs shortly before it germinates. The typical examples of the phylum include the Rhizopus commonly referred to as the black bread mold. As Vandenkoornhuyse, et al. (2002) observes, generally, fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals. As heterotrophic organisms that are devoid of chlorophyll, they obtain their nutrients through absorption. Glycogen is the primary carbohydrate stored in fungi. Fungi excrete enzymes into their food source and live within an external digestion. Ascomycota live in specific locations often forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots, stems, leaves and algae to obtain nutrients. Basidiomycota are mutualistic symbionts and obtain nutrients from living hosts, roots, vascular plants and insects. They obtain sugars and nutrients produced through photosynthesis. Zygomycota makes use of light regulation for its development and growth. Light directs the growth of structures and activates the metabolic pathways. Zygomycetes grow in a wide range of environments and temperatures, with some growing in aerobic conditions. However, most are terrestrial meaning that they g row in liquid culture, at salty concentrations and high water activities to obtain nutrients. They can also be found in decaying animal and

Country brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Country brand - Essay Example The elements explored in the paper are Tourism, Investment/Immigration, Culture and Export (Shimp, 2008). The other two elements of the hexagon are touched on briefly, that is the People and Governance. This is because the paper is fashioned to focus on matters of Nation Branding that are relevant to the creation of value for American corporate entities on the global level. Elements of Nation Branding In order to analyze the strategy of branding America, there is the need to explore the main elements of nation branding strategy. Olin defines a 7 step model that must be followed to draw a nation branding strategy (Molianen & Rainisto, 2009): 1. Define Preliminary Vision 2. Establish a Working Group 3. Internal & External Research 4. Formulation of Strategic Plan 5. Visualisation 6. Implementation of the Plans 7. Testing Implementation & assessment Preliminary Vision The preliminary vision of America's branding technique is to extend its influence over different country through a blend of diplomatic, governmental as well as industrial campaigns (Snow, 2009). This means that the branding of America is handled by the diplomatic corps which has a strong history of promoting America as a brand all over the world. There has also been different governmental projects and units set up over the past years that has been responsible for promoting America as a brand around the world. ... These questions are as follows: â€Å"Where are we now? How did we get here? Where do we want to be? How do we get there?† The United States is the most powerful and most popular country in the world today (Wolfe, 2007). It attained its status as a global super-power during and after the Second World War, which saw the influence of America spread throughout Europe and the rest of the world (Houghton, 2009). Since the 1950s, America led the West in gaining influence around the world against the Soviet led East (Wolfe, 2007). Due to this struggle, the United States created a very strong network to establish its presence in nations around the globe through various export techniques. This has boosted America's image around the world. Everyone around the world, from Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East identifies with American movies, clothing, food, books, cars and brands. And this has been the case over the past 20 years after the collapse of the Soviet Union ( Houghton, 2009). However, in the era of globalisation, there are competitors that are coming up namely BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa) as well as old powers like Europe and Japan. There is the need to re-brand and present America in a different light. Currently, the vision of branding America is one that seeks to take advantage of the country's status as a super power, the country's past image and global influence as well as America's competitive strength against the emerging powers. Thus, the vision of the 21st Century for the branding of USA is as follows: 1. Re-branding the superpower and presenting it to the world in a different light. 2. Re-igniting the American flame 3. Putting American ingenuity to the doorsteps of the world 4.

The nutritional status Essay Example for Free

The nutritional status Essay The individual (a male patient) was about 5’9† in height and weight 105 kilograms, was obese (classified as fat by the Food Standard Agency, UK). He was overweight by about 30 kilograms for his height. His waist circumference was about excess by about 6 to 7 centimetres, meaning that he had accumulated excessive subcutaneous fat in the abdominal and the hip region. His body mass index (BMI) was also suggesting that he was obese and needed to lose weight (according to the Food Standard Agency, UK). His BMI was about 36. 3 and that of normal ranges from 18. 5 to 24. 9, and overweight ranges from 25. 0 to 29. 9. Any value about 30 is considered to be as obese (NHLBI). The individual’s blood pressure is about 165/92 mm Hg which suggests that the individual is suffering from stage 2 or severe hypertension. Any value above 160 mm Hg systolic or 100 mm Hg diastolic can be considered as severe hypertension (according to Mayo Clinic, 2007). The exact cause for the hypertension is really not known, but several risk factors such as increased body weight, physical inactivity, high sodium intake, elevated blood glucose levels, high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, etc may play a major role in the development of the disease. The blood pressure is a product of the cardiac output and the peripheral vascular resistance. Since these are both raised, the blood pressure is elevated (Mayo Clinic, 2007). The individual is at a risk of developing stroke, heart attacks, heart failure and kidney failures due to the severe hypertension (Medline Plus, 2007). The normal blood pressure ranges from 115 to 120 mm Hg for systole and 75 to 80 mm Hg for diastole (Mayo Clinic, 2007). The individual’s cholesterol levels are about 7. 5 mmol/L which puts him at a very high risk of developing heart disease (anything above 6. 2 mmol/L are considered as high-risk) (according to the NHBLI, 2001). The individual’s plasma triglyceride level is slightly high which puts him at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis, heart disease and stroke. Individuals with diabetes mellitus not undergoing treatment are also at a higher risk of developing elevated plasma triglyceride levels. The individuals fasting blood glucose level is about 8. 4 which is very high compared to the normal limits. This suggests that he could be suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (Mayo, 2006). Individuals who are suffering from diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop several complications including a fatal outcome when they are affected with a cardiovascular episode such as a heart attack or angina. The plasma sodium levels are slightly higher suggesting an increased risk of hypertension and developing heart diseases such as heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (Better Health Channel, 2007). The plasma potassium levels are within normal ranges. The mean corpuscular value of the red blood cells is reduced (the individual could be suffering from microcytic anaemia) which usually develops in iron deficiency anaemia (Lab Tests Online, 2005). The haemoglobin levels are also below normal suggesting that the individual is suffering from anaemia (Lab Tests Online, 2005). The Blood urea nitrogen levels are within normal limits, but are towards the higher side, suggesting that the individual could be having a risk of developing a heart attack or kidney failure in the future (Richards, T, 2005). The creatine kinase levels are within the normal limits in the body, but are towards the higher side suggesting that there is a risk of damage occurring to the muscles of the heart (MDA, 2000). The AST levels (a liver enzyme) are within normal limits. The individual is following a sedentary lifestyle and is consuming about 3500 cal per day which is far too much. His actual calorie consumption per day should be about 2500 calories per day (Nutri-Facts, 2000). The individual is consuming a diet of 45% carbohydrate, 40% fat and 15% protein. The intake of fats is very high. An idea ratio would be 60-70 % carbohydrates, 15 % proteins and 20 % fats. A high-fat diet is further contributing to the cholesterol levels, the arthrosclerosis process and increasing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (Diabetes India). What dietary recommendations and life style changes would you recommend? Discuss the issues you would need to consider when constructing a suitable dietary regimen for this patient. The individual should ensure that he consumes a balanced diet not only containing adequate amounts of macronutrients (that is carbohydrates, fats and proteins), but also sufficient amounts of micronutrients (that is vitamins and minerals). The individual is suffering from iron deficiency anaemia, and hence a diet containing vitamin B12, folic acid and iron should be administered. Iron and Vitamin B supplements may also be required. Blood tests should be frequently conducted to ensure that the haemoglobin levels and the MCV are monitored (NHS, 2007). As the individual is suffering from diabetes mellitus, the intake of calories and fats should be reduced or modified. Simple sugars should be avoided and instead complex polysaccharides should be consumed (in the form of starch). The fibre quantity in the diet should also be increased. The individual should be treated for diabetes through insulin and/or oral-anti-diabetic drugs, as the sugar level is very high. The blood glucose levels should be constantly monitored to ensure that modifications are initiated as early as possible (Mayo, 2006). The individual should consume a low fat diet, which is about 20 % of the macro-nutrient ratio. More of High density lipoproteins (HDL) should be consumed instead of the low density lipoproteins (LDL). The LDL contributes to the bad cholesterol present in the body and could worsen the risk of developing heart disease (Diabetes India). The salt intake should be reduced as it could worsen the hypertension and could also cause heart failure and fluid retention (Diabetes India). The individual requires treatment of hypertension so that the blood pressure is brought within limits and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is lowered. Antihypertensive medications are required to control the blood pressure. Some of the different groups of drugs that may be required include diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, etc (Mayo, 2007). These should be consumed as recommended by the physician. The individual’s blood pressure should constantly be monitored to ensure that modifications are made as early as possible. Besides, lifestyle changes are also required, which are also required to control the diabetes and hypertension (Mayo, 2007). Medications should be taken regularly and on time. Meals should not be skipped and should be consumed on time as directed by the nutrients. Smoking should be stopped and alcohol consumption should be minimised. Feasting or fasting should be avoided. Regular exercises are necessary to ensure that the weight is brought to a level which is less damaging for the body. The individual should take adequate rest and consume plenty of water in a day (Mayo, 2006). References: American Heart Association 2007. Triglycerides, [Online], Available: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Salt?open

Christianity and islam

Christianity and islam Reflection Paper: Both Christianity and Islam are very wide spread religions in the world which have a great impact on the lives of their believers especially spiritually. Their common originality, values and some believes has enabled most of their believers to respect and try to understand each others faith. In most nations of the world these two religions have formed the bases of the countries laws and are highly recognized by the governments. Though Christianity is widely spread compared to Islam, they impose the same challenge to each other Considering the similarities and the differences between Islam and Christianity, the two can be said to be very different since the main prophets and the holy books which form the basis and guidance of the respective religions are not acceptable to the other. Christian faith is based on birth, crucification, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ who is the messiah which is contrary to the Muslims view of Christ being just a prophet among the many. Comparison between the two religions was much easier because theres a clear difference between the beliefs of the religions as well as practices in time of worship. This is because in day today life of the respective believers their religious views are aired. Getting the historic origin of the two religions was much easier especially that of Christianity which begun as a Jewish sect in the Mediterranean and Islam in the 7th century after the death of Prophet Muhammad. Getting the differences between the two both being Abrahamic religions and the holy books the Quran and the Bible referring to similar ancient people like Isaac and Ishmael in a related context. Introduction Christianity is a religious belief which begun as a Jewish belief and is seen as Abrahamic religion. Its followers are referred to as Christians. They believe in Jesus Christ the messiah as the prophet send by God to save mankind and the holy bible as the guide of their faith. They also believe that the messiah who came in the form of mankind suffered, died and resurrected to remiss them of their sins. It is also believed that he would return to reward those who have lived according to the doctrines taught by the holy bible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Islam is an Arabic word meaning submission and therefore Islam religion is believed to be an Abrahamic religion which believes in submission to the almighty God Allah and Muhammad as the prophet. Quran is the holy book believed to be the guideline of the Muslims who are the of the Islamic religion. It is believed that Allah repeatedly revealed it to Muhammad verbally through angel Jibril and the original Arabic version is the final revelation from God which is verbal. Historic background According to Stern(11-15) Christianity originates from the word kristos which is a Greek word meaning the anointed one and it is a monotheistic religion. It guided by the life and teachings of Christ Jesus as shown in the holy bible. It begun as a Jewish sect from the eastern Mediterranean in the first century and by the 4th century was already dominant in the Roman Empire. Most of Europe was Christianized by the Middle Ages but Middle East, North Africa and some regions in India remained with minority Christians. It spread to America, Australasia and all over the world through colonization, discovery work and missionary work hence became a major influence in Western civilization shaping. Thrower argued that It is the words largest religion and represents about a quarter of the entire population, also considered as a state religion in several countries (21-25) It is categorized into three groups: Catholics, Protestants and orthodox.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Islam began developing as from the 7th century with the reconstruction of Prophet Muhammads life after his death. It started spreading in Atlantic Ocean to Central Asia after Prophet Muhammads first recitation of the Quran. According to Williams (1994) The Great Mosque of Kairouan is considered as origin of the western Islamic world mosques and is preserved up to now. Reference to Abdul-Rahman Islamic dynasties like Ottomans and Mughals collapsed under the European imperial sway during 18th and 19th centuries (141-160). Muhammad started conveying Islam at Mecca and later moved to Medina where the tribes of Arabia were united to a polity of Arab Muslim religion.Umar succeeded him in 634 following his death. The other successors were Uthman ibn al-Affan and Ali ibn Talib; the four are referred to as al-khulafa ar-rashidun. Several conflicts followed over political and religious leadership which led to the rise of schism amongst the Muslims. Basically the origin of I slam is tied to the economic, political and military. Similarities between Islam and Christianity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Strachey (62-69) both Islam and Christianity are Abrahamic religions or in other words believe in the existence of one supreme God. They both share common values and origin which is found in Judaism when the people of Israel were given Torah. Islam was founded by Muhammad referring to the Quran while Christianity was started by the followers of Jesus of Nazareth but they both acknowledge a spiritual tradition related to Abraham. For the two religions, God rules, judges, forgives and hes the creator of the universe. Jerusalem is also of major importance to both religions. It was the city where Christ was brought up, crucified, buried as well as resurrected. He also healed, preached and cleansed the temple so its considered as a holy place. The Al-Aqsa mosque in Sura Al-Isra also called the ‘furthest mosque is located in Jerusalem the holy land. Abdul-Rahman (55-64) the first Muslims also prayed towards Jerusalem not Mecca and it was also the plac e where Muhammad ascended to heaven. The two religions also affirm that God sends angels and prophets to convey messages to his people and through inspired scriptures reveals his divine will. They also believe in the judgement day when God will intervene in the history of mankind and determine their eternal lives depending on personal beliefs and actions. Both religions believe in the power of prayer and fasting as taught by their earlier prophets. Differences between Islam and Christianity Thrower(30-58) argues that Islam disagrees with some of the Christian beliefs about Jesus Christ like him being the son of God and savior of mankind, also the holy trinity of there being God the father, the son and the Holy Spirit. Christians reject Islams prophet and Quran while the Muslims support that God guides Christians but they perceive scriptures in their own interest. It is also different the way Muslims perceive the birth of Jesus compared to Christians. They believe that Jesus was created like Abraham while Christians believe that he was conceived by Virgin Mary through the Holy Spirit. They also believe that Jesus was to be crucified but was miraculously saved while Christians believe he was crucified but resurrected. Christians believe that the bible is Gods holy book which was written by people inspired by God and it teaches the will of God on mankind while the Muslims accept but believe that it has been corrupted to fit peoples interests over the years. Conclusion Christianity and Islam are major worlds religions with the latter having a greater number of followers. They share common origin, values and some believes like God being supreme, prophets being Gods messengers and judgement of humanity based on personal actions and faith while on earth. The Quran and the Bible are considered as the two holy books written through Gods inspiration though the Quran is believed was verbally revealed to prophet. Muhammad through angel Jibril. The two religions have some major differences like the birth, crucification, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. They also differ in the originality of the holy bible as compared to that of the holy Quran as well as its interpretation by the Christians. The similarities between the two outweigh the differences. Works Cited Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad, Saed. Islam questions and answers. Volume 22, MSA Publication Limited. Saudi Arabia. 1972 Lewis, Bernard Churchill, Buntzie, Ellis. In the religion and the people. Illustrated. Wharton School Publishing, U.S.A, 2008 Stern, Bernard, Joseph. Science society, Volume 12, 1-3, Concept Publishing Company, 1948. Strachey, Lytton Holroyd Michael. Eminent Victorians, Nile Penguin Classics, 1986. Thrower, James. Marxist-Leninist â€Å"scientific atheism† and the study of religion and atheism in the USSR. Volume 25. Vienna ; Walter de Gruyter, 1983. Willliams, John, Adel. The Word of Islam. University of Texas. Qayrawan. 1994

Culture Difference Between China And Japan Cultural Studies Essay

Culture Difference Between China And Japan Cultural Studies Essay In western peoples point of view, the Asians look at Asian would be like insiders, because the geography is closed, they are Asia. Moreover, western think Asians appearances almost are the same. There are forty-eight countries in Asia, different policies, different religions, and different language. I agree with the researcher who advocacy of a multi-level and multi-perspectives to analyse cross culture. (Tung, 2007) When Asians look in their own country, although there still have some difference among different region, but in generally they have a lot of common points. When Asians look in Asia, but not look in their own countries. Mostly Asians will feel unfamiliar as western people to look at Asia. In this essay, I plan to take China and Japan as an example to analyse. I think these two countries are nearby to each other, and even the character of Chinese and Japanese has several same parts. Economic globalization made all of the countries could not exist to grow up respectively. Due to the globalisation process, China and Japan had being enhanced the cooperation activities in the past 30 years. There are more and more multi-national company comes out. Certainly, cross cultural management became a significant issue now. Some researchers believed in that during the globalisation process could make the difference culture integrate in the future. (Tung, 2008) In another words, each countries culture would diminish, and absorbed the other popular culture. After many decades, the whole world only has the popular culture exist. However, Hofstede believed that national culture will still be stable. (Tung, 2008) Many regions culture has being grown thousands of years, they should be stable. I partly agree with the previous points, I think the degree of traditional culture impact has been changed indeed. In another word, some parts of national culture will diminish, by contrast, some parts still be stable existed. In addition, some new culture has being absorbed as time goes on. In addition, I agree with the researcher who advocacy of a multi-level and multi-perspectives to analyse cross culture. (Tung, 2007) In this section, I would like to introduce definitions, which are relevant to the cross cultural management. Terence (1995) concluded that culture has been defined as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category (it can be a nation, region, a social class, and so on) of people from another. In another words, culture could be anything, which can influence humans behaviours and conceptions. In addition, the management has been defined as getting common goals done through other people. (Hofstede, 2007) Then, I am going to combine these two definitions. Cross culture management could be defined as to get common goals done through other people, which constrained by different categories (it can be a nation, region, a social class, and so on). And now, I explain why I use the definition of culture to instead of cross culture. In my point of view, even in the same region, the culture is difference. As I said before, culture could be anything relevant to peoples thinking. Therefore, different people would have their own background. When a manager plan to manage different individual, no matter whether they are the same nationalities. It can be called cross culture management as well. However, the previous theories looks like an extremely point. In this part I would like to analyse some point about Japanese and Chinese. As a Chinese, I think when a Chinese want to ask for a leave to their leader. They always use family problems as an excuse, because this way could increase the percentage of permission. If leader refuse the family issue, which looks like less bowel. When the colleges ask you to borrow some money, if you choose yourself problem as an excuse, it seems a little bit direct. Therefore, Chinese prefer to choose the indirect way. By contrast, Zhang ¼Ã‹â€ 2009) illustrated that there is few percentage Japanese would like to use family issue as an excuse to reject some business request. By contrast, in China people usually to use family as an excuse. I think the source of the difference is that privacy issue in Japanese conceptions are more serious than Chinese. In Japanese opinion, they would like to separate works and family problems. Due to the special relationship among Chinese, in a same company, the Chinese co lleges might recognise other colleges family members. Moreover, among mostly family member, probably they know each other as well, especially in small places. In addition, in Chinese culture, when you accept a gift, youd better to open it with your friend, and show your surprise. Generally speaking, you should make your friend know you are like this gift. In my own experience, I always open a gift with my friend, because I think this could your friend and you know each other again. Tong (n.d.) pointed out that certainly, if I didnt like this gift at all, I will use a indirectly way to express my feeling, such as, the package is beautiful. However, in a research reported that when a Japanese give you a gift, youd better do not to open it till Japanese leave. In this case, Japanese shows indirect way, and Chinese present directly. Yao, (2008) figure out that throughout the Japanese history, which had recorded by written, the caste always existed. Although recent years Japan was westernization, but they are still influenced by a deeply hierarchical society. Even if in China, such an ancient civilization country with 5000 history, but this deeply hierarchical condition only met in feudal society and slave society present by Yao in 2008. I think the deeply hierarchy in Japaneses society is one of the reasons of Japanese is a cockerel, even in the peace period. According to the history record, China had a lot of war experience. In the Qing dynasty, the last dynasty in Chinas modern period, I think those emperors thought China was a great country, theyd like to self-sufficiency. Therefore, in that long period, China seems stop to develop, and didnt expand the emperors power too much. Meanwhile, Yao (2008) also make another point that in recent decades, Japanese never stop to develop. I speculate the reason should b e Japanese always feel unsafely. Therefore, in Americans research I found that Japan is a pugnacities nation. In my own experience, when I communicated with Japanese, I can feel their protect concepts is very strong in their mind. Moreover, Japanese as a baby, their parents will give them a strict training, which would keep a distance when parents hug Japanese babies. It is a practice, Japanese babies must hold their parents carefully, and otherwise they will tumble. This practice added a survive idea to children. I think this issue is relevant to the fighting spirit in Japanese nation. However, when a Chinese as a baby, the parents would treat them like a real baby. If they fall over on the floor by themselves, the parents will scold the floor in order to comfort children and stop their crying. Especially, when a boy baby comes to a family, the mothers parents will treat this child as treasure. Although, the boy and girl issue has being reduced in recent years, and in some countrys ide family still have. I think the treat and teach way to child is very important. Moreover, the parents are the first teacher in childrens mind. The parents activities could impact in childrens behaviour and conception in the future. However, if when a baby has a strict survive practise, I think it seems a little bit cruel. I prefer the European countries; the child can grow up naturally. There is not too much pressure to children, but children also have independent ability. I plan to deeply analyse the child issue between Japan and China, because I think this is an important element cause the different culture existed. I have to admire, the average percentage of good manner situation in the public, Japan is higher than China. The ways of educate children might be influence manner deeply. As I said before, most of Chinese parents treat their child as a treasure. Moreover, in recent years, Chinese family adopted one child policy. Therefore, the child is more precious than before. I would like to take my own experience as an example, since I came to UK to study, my mother had being contacted me every two day. Moreover, I have observed Japanese students and Chinese students. Every holiday, the percentage of students back to hometown, the Chinese are much higher than Japanese. I think this situation caused by one child policy. The Chinese parents give more responsibilities than Japanese to their children. And the children should take more responsibilities th an Japanese children as well. By contrast, I have asked my Japanese friends, they said usually in Japans families, they are more than 1 child. Therefore, they grew up with competition. They needed to compete with their brothers or sisters. They are paying attention to keep a good manner anywhere, because they are always in a competition environment. In China between developed city and less developed city or inland city and coastland city, some culture is also has difference. (Tung, 2007) In China, there are a lot of negotiations through dinner to finish. Therefore, drinking culture is a very important skill in many occasions. In many north province citizens, they think drinking can express whether you respect each other. If you only drinking a little, which means you look down upon the other people, you havent bring your sincerity. However, in the south coastland provinces, people can feel you that you have try your best to drink, that is enough. Moreover, when you do a business with coastland cities, you can present more natural way than you communicate with northern people. There are too many restrictions in some north peoples conception. For an instance, Chinese culture on familism, which causes many family do not respect female, especially in north China and some poor place. If a wife bears a girl, she has no position in the family, till a boy bear. However, this situation in developed cities has been changed, both of girl and boy they will treat as equal in family. Contrarily, in some middle class family prefers to have a girl, because they think girl will take care of family better than boy. I have asked my Japanese friends, they said the boy and girl issue is not very serious in the whole country. Certainly, it depends on the level of countries development. I think in the developed countries, the parents would have boy and girl issue concept. Even in nowadays, when people advocate freedom, but Japanese were still restricted by their formal rules. Such as, thanks to an important person, Japanese would give thanks by bowing. And when they meet eldership, they need to kneel down to show their respect. Back to the past 100 years ago, I think Chinese would do the same thing to show their respect. Wu Shu (martial art) is very famous in Japan nowadays, which can prove a fighting spirit. However, I think it can present loyalty spirit among Japanese minds as well. Although, this issue is very important in China, and I think in Chinese young generations this element has been declined. I think this point has the common source, which is the Chinese relationship more complex than Japanese. Moreover, in recent years, China has being kept the high speed growing ratio. In another word, it enhanced the inequity between rich and poor families in China. I think this point also increase the Chinese relation complex level. Therefore, the cases which are betrayed to their friends has being increased as well. It is a society situation. There are age difference causes the culture difference. (Tung, 2007) In China, the young generations would like to absorb western culture. When the Christmas Eve come, young person usually treat this day as a crazy holiday. By contrast, the older generations maybe stay at home as usual. So I think if the manger is a young generation, you can choose the western method to negotiate, because most of young people in China, they can accept western culture, they are also partly westernization in many management theories. Compared to Japan, they had being westernised many years ago. The gap between generations should be closer than China. Lets talk about business issues linked to generations issue. If a western business man chooses traditional Chinese way (indirect communication) to negotiation with young Chinese, maybe will achieve a maximum result with little effort. Moreover, a large percentage young Chinese, and who is a core manager in a company, I think the one has a living abroad experience before, so they know western culture well. Moreover, I think the Japanese organisation culture is interested. In another words, I think Japanese company are very intelligent. I would like to introduce a case study as follows to prove my opinion. Once, Japanese archipelago was hit by the strong typhoon, the disaster come very suddenly. The result of the typhoon happened is a lot of the department store losing the profit. In particular, the disaster influenced a region very seriously which was the main area was engaged in by Yaohan department store. During that time, the situation of vegetable and fruit shortage was very awful. Most of the department store companies which manage the same field made the price of stock in trade increasing dramatically whereas the Yaohan department store keep the original level of price. Compare with other department store, Yaohan did not only keep the level of price, but also try their best to snap up the consumption goods from other regions for satisfying the requirement and demand of customers. Yaohan department store did not make any profit at that moment. Oppositely, it lost number of profit because the bids of those consumptions were much higher than before. The more and more customer began to consume in Yaohan department store when they heard this information. After the typhoon, the produces to the store was return back to the original level, everything seemed to be back to the past. However, some department store are be abandon by the frequently customers whereas Yaohan department store observe those customers. This fact lead the market share of Yaohan department store increased dramatically. Meng Tian(2010) states that most of the Japanese companies focus on the requirement and demand of consumers. Furthermore, the nature disaster to the companies is a good chance to make more profit which contrast with the disaster to the consumers are a good opportunity to test which company are really consumer focused and loyal consumer. In addition, the companies have to work with as long as the consumer needs hardly, no matter decreasing or lose their profit. Therefore, those companies can pass the test to improve their loyalty, and then return for the loyalty of customers. Customer base and market share expansion is a natural thing. In my hometown, there is a famous Japanese retail super market, named Yi Teng Yang Hua Tang. Whether the people come or leave out, the company stuffs need to belt, and say some greeting words. This activities force customers must purchase more than as usual, otherwise, Chinese will feel uncomfortable. In some occasions I think cross-culture management style can be considered universal, such as respect the old and cherish the young. This tradition is popular accepted in such as Korean, Japan and China. If business men want to do business in these countries, theyd better not conflict with this tradition. Perhaps, business men should make use of this kind of traditions to enhance their goodwill. However, I have to admit that most aspects in cross-culture management cannot be treated as universal to consider. They should be separated, and based on the specific condition to analyse. Moreover, there is seldom absolutely standard issue in culture management field.

Graphics :: essays research papers

5.2 Images: Information without Words or Numbers Images play a fundamental role in the representation, storage, and transmission of important information throughout our professional and personal lives. In many professions, including publishing, art, film making, architecture, and medicine, it is crucial to be able to represent and manipulate information in image form. Furthermore, with the development of multimedia technology and virtual reality, many other professions are beginning to explore the power of representing information in visual form. In Chapter 3, we introduced the ideas behind binary representation of information, and in particular showed how integr and text can be converted into binary form. We also mentioned that other types of information can be represented by bits, and briefly described the process one might use to convert an image into binary digits. We then suggested how this would extend to representation of time-varying imagery, or video. 5.3 Cameras and Image Formation As mentioned in the introduction to this book, the film-based camera is over 150 years old. Recent advances have provided a variety of alternatives to the use of conventional film, but the basic image formation process has not changed. This process may be familiar to you from experience with basic optics, and is illustrated in Figure 5.1. The essential components of this system are: the object or scene to be imaged, the lens, and the image recording medium (retina of the eye, film, or other device). The image recording medium is usually located in a plane parallel to the lens, known as the image plane. Note that the image that is formed is inverted; this is usually of no consequence because the display device may easily correct this condition. The resulting image represents a projection from the three-dimensional object world to the two-dimensional image world. The focal length specifies the distance from the lens to the image plane. More useful to us, it also indicates the degree of magnification of the lens. From 35 mm photography, we know that a lens of 50 mm focal length is considered ``normal'' (in the sense that the resulting photo will contain the same expanse of image that a human would see from the same point as the camera); one of 28 mm focal length is ``wide angle,'' and one of 135 mm focal length is ``telephoto.'' For a different film (image) size,those focal lengths would change, but the principle remains the same.

Alan Patons Cry the Beloved Country Essay -- Alan Paton Cry Beloved C

Alan Paton's Cry the Beloved Country The book I have chosen to write about is Cry the Beloved Country. This book is about ambiguity and reconciliation. The main character in the story Stephan Kumalo has to deal his the struggle of his family, and trying to keep them together. The first few chapters of this book are place in a small town called Ndotshenti. But the action in this takes place in the largest city on South Africa, Johannesburg. Stephan Kumalo finds out there can be day light even when nothing in you life is going right. The area of Ndoshenti is known as the â€Å"Velds†, which in Zulu means the green grassland. The rural country is what describes Ndotshenti best; on the other side of the town lies the European part of Ndotshenti. This is Ndoshenti where blacks are not allowed to go. Primarily because apartheid, which means total separation between blacks and whites. Stephan Kumalo is the minister in the small town. Stephan Kumalo helps those in need of help. Also find out very early, he is in need of help too. His son Absalom decides to leave home, because he does not like his father’s new wife. He goes with his friends Johannesburg to work the gold mines. However his son is not the only person causing stress on Stephan Kumalo, because with in a few days of his son leaving, he receives a letter pertaining to his sister. She very sick, but the man writing the letter says not physically, but mentally. At this point Kumalo is befu...

Anxiety Culture

Theme Society must give up the belief of hard work that we acquired from the Puritan era to live a true, happy, and fulfilling life. Attitude concern, informational, reflective (Tone) A Audience The working class R Rhetorical Rhetorical question- â€Å"How can you despise ease and laziness then Strategy not feel guilty when you take a rest? † (Anxiety Culture: The puritan Work Ethic)Commentary In the magazine article, â€Å"Anxiety Culture: The Puritan Work Ethic. † by Brian Dean, he uses the rhetorical question â€Å"How can you despise ease and laziness then not feel guilty when you take a rest? ‘ to allow the readers to answer the question in their mind and get them thinking about the topic. The reader gets the point of the article clearly by answering the question in their heads without the author having to state it directly.Brian Dean leads the reader, with this rhetorical question, to realize that we all have something inside of us that keeps us from slowin g down and relaxing. Then, Dean goes on to explain why we do have these beliefs and what is programmed inside of us to believe it is right. I tried the challenge given by the author and failed very quickly! I only could do it for approximately 1 hour and 48 minutes. When I was Just laying there doing nothing, I felt this flood of remorse, and I could not stop thinking about all the things I should e doing instead of this.It was also really hard for my mom, because I help her around the house and by each minute she became increasingly annoyed. I agree with the article that we are programmed not to relax, and to constantly be occupying ourselves with work. It was one of the hardest things to do. STARS By Triennial Puritan Work Ethic) Commentary In the magazine article, â€Å"Anxiety Culture: The Puritan Work Ethic,† by then not feel guilty when you take a rest? † to allow the readers to answer the

The Old Man & the Boy Relationship

The Old Man and the Sea is a heroic tale of man? s strength pitted against forces he can non control. It is a tale nearly an old Cuban fisherman and his three-day battle with a elephantine Marlin. Through the use of three salient(ip) themes friendship, bravery, and Christianity the Old Man and the Sea strives to determine authorised life lessons to the reader. The relationship amongst the old man and the boy is introduced proterozoic in the story. They are unlikely companions sensation is old and the another(prenominal) young, yet they appoint an insuperable amount of respect and inscription for each other.capital of Chile does not discreetness Manolin as a young boy but rather as an equal. grow is not a factor in their relationship. Manolin does not even act as a young boy he is mature and sensitive to Santiago? s feelings. He even offers to go against his promote? s wishes and accompany Santiago on his seek trips. Santiago is viewed as an outcast in his village becau se he has not caught any fish for more than 84 days and is therefore unlucky. Nonetheless Manolin is trus cardinalrthy to Santiago and even when his parents forbid him he wants to help his friend.Their conversations are comfortable, like that of two friends who construct known each other for their whole lives. When they speak it is usually about baseball or fishing, the two things they have most in common. Their favorite aggroup is the Yankees and Santiago never loses faith in them even when the star player, Joe DiMaggio is injured with a heel spur. In this way Santiago not only teaches Manolin about fishing but also about important characteristics such as faith.

Benefits of Electronic Medical Records

Benefits of electronic wellness check Records Stephanie Fine HCS/490 December 5, 2011 Cindy Perkins Benefits of electronic Medical Records * In 1972, the Regenstreif Institute developed the initial aesculapian records system (Unknown, History of electronic Medical Records, 2011, Para. 3). Since then, health c atomic number 18 facilities crosswise the nation ar beginning to see the improvements that electronic aesculapian records capture on both health c atomic number 18 providers and patients as puff up.This writing depart discuss the benefits of electronic checkup records for patients as thoroughly as champion grimace relating to the values and importance of maintaining confidentiality when using this panache of chat. This news authorship publisher will provide at least wholeness reasonableness this mood is an effective manner of chat surrounded by consumers and providers and explain how this mode of communication differs from others. Fin eachy, this paper w ill show how media and social networking change communication in health safekeeping as well as how electronic medical exam checkup checkup checkup records passel be used to commercialize health care products or run. Although thither are m whatever benefits for patients and electronic medical records this paper will focus on the roundab out three. The first benefit would be that Electronic medical records (EMRs) armed assistant improve the care of patients and reduce medical errors in doctors single-valued functions (Huckestein, 2011, Para. 1). This is because all of a patients medical records are kept in mavin place and accessed by dint of a secured net portal by any provider that the patient must see.This leave little room for errors due to unspoken education that basin be critical to the patient provided forget to say to the provider such as allergies, medications, and old diagnoses. The second benefit would be the easiness of access. intimately health care facilities that use electronic medical records also use e-prescriptions as well. Prescriptions are electronically sent directly to pharmacies and are ready to be picked up after the office visit (Huckestein, 2011, Para. 5). This helps to burn off down on time and eroors made in patient medications.Along with quick prescription operate the patient does not always permit to front for the doctors office to open to signal data from their providers. Patients may also be sufficient to request referrals, prescriptions refills, and appointments through the Internet from their physicians offices (Huckestein, 2011, Para. 5). The third benefit of electronic medical records for patients is the comfort of knowing that their medical records are kept safe , secure , and will never be lost. Keeping these records electronically, especially in the cases where patients bottom of the inning also gain access to them, mover the patient wont be left without the records she may consider (Torrey, 2011, Para. 7). This is especially comforting to have if the health preparedness were happen to close or go out of buisness. The patient knows that he or she will heretofore have all necessary records to continue with the health care that he or she needs. * While ease of access is very serious, security measures of electronic medical records is just as important. health providers are need to abide by all HIPAA laws within the office as well as electronically. It is very important that not only health care stave but patients as well keep all passwords and user training to themselves and never reveal security information with others. This helps to ensure that all medical information is kept safe and free from identity stealing and other crimes involving sharing or reveling medical information to anyone who is not authorized to view it. One reason this mode is an effective means of communication amongst consumers and providers the ease of access to all medical records in the s lip of an taking into custody situation. When a patient is well or seeing a provider for non emergency brake situations they are able to provide accurate information needed to help keep electronic medical records up to date. This data is kept in the aforesaid(prenominal) file and used to help the patient in the event of an emergency that perhaps the patient is futile to speak or inform the health providers of their medical history, medications, and or disease or illnesses they may have. At most, quick access to our records croupe be lifesaving if an emergency occurs and answers to those questions are needed during the emergency decision-making process (Torrey, 2011). This can be very useful if the patient happened to be on vacation or out of town. It can Provide a single, shareable, up to date, accurate, rapidly retrievable source of information, potentially available anywhere at any time (Unknown, Electronic Medical Records, Electronic Health Records , 2011, Para. 12). * It i s clear that electronic medical records are beneficial and different from any other mode f communication. This is because it is a direct link between both the provider and the patients. It is also set up to still be available regardless of a tragic event such as 911. paper files, fax, and phone messages can be destroyed in a flood or fire but electronic medical records are here to stay. self-aggrandizing scale EMR systems replicate their stored records in several places across the country so that one tragic event wont destroy them (Torrey, 2011, Para. 4). * Another area that can be benefited by electronic medical records is health care product and service providers.Just akin the ads one may find on social networks like face book and MySpace, ads for health care products and services can be place on the web portals that patients and providers use to obtain their electronic medical records. On the patient side, the patients can see new and future health care products that they can discuss with their providers to help with medical issues. They can also see service ads for sites such as Web MD and the mayonnaise Clinic that help answer other questions they may have regarding healthier lifestyles and other information.On the provider side, there could be ads on new medications and drug reps that can help them decide what medications they would like to prescribe in their facility. * In conclusion, electronic medical records are a huge step forward in the health care world for both providers and patients. This paper has discussed the benefits of electronic medical records for patients as well as one aspect relating to the values and importance of maintaining confidentiality when using this mode of communication.This paper has provided three reasons this mode is an effective means of communication between consumers and providers and explained how this mode of communication differs from others. Finally, this paper has shown how media and social networking change co mmunication in health care as well as how electronic medical records can be used to market health care products or services. * References Huckestein, D. (2011). Patients Benefit from Electronic Medical Records. Retrieved from IHA http//www. ihacares. com/index. cfm/news-room/patients-benefit-from-electronic-medical-records/ Torrey, T. 2011, April 11). The Benefits of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). Retrieved from About. com http//patients. about. com/od/electronicpatientrecords/a/EMRbenefits. htm Unknown. (2011, September 14). Electronic Medical Records, Electronic Health Records . Retrieved from Open Clinical http//www. openclinical. org/emr. html Unknown. (2011). History of Electronic Medical Records. Retrieved from http//www. nasbhc. org/atf/cf/%7BCD9949F2-2761-42FB-BC7A-CEE165C701D9%7D/TA_HIT_history%20of%20EMR. pdf * * * * *

Current competitive strategies of Samsung and Apple Essay

twain(prenominal) surface-to-air missilesung and apple be the queen-sizingst manu eventurers of talented hollos in the human race. Combined, the deuce engineering giants bank n unity for to a greater extent than half of the Sm finesse tele headph wizs change piece wide. traditionalistic cubicle screamular teleph i(a)ular tele rec entirely environs had real confine reckon abilities. umteen of them were intentional to stretch prefatory function a want(p) devising and receiving calls. As clipping went by, the guide for smooth devices with superlative deliberation abilities change magnitude as engine room became a study break forth of advanced life. to a greater extent than(prenominal) fundamentally, at that step up was exact for wandering ph angiotensin converting enzymes that could abide the corresponding run as a com molder. Although the fluid ph sensation grocery store bespeak was traditionally realize by companies desire Nokia and Motorola, orchard apple tree took all oer the food commercialise when it launched its iPh one and only(a) Smartphone in 2007. This convergence became really pop with customers cod to its Brobdingnagian touchscreen and multi-touch substance absubstance ab determinationr interface. regular though the federation reign the Smartphone foodstuff for approximately clip, it has add together gageary change magnitude arguing from Samsung by its Samsung coltsfoot increase limn (orchard apple tree, 2013). finished big advertizement join with ridiculous features, the Samsung extragalactic nebula has every(prenominal)where involven the iPhone to give bring turn out the near common Smartphone place in the military man. This furious challenger surrounded by these deuce engine room giants has resulted in unfading tap battles in the unite States and Europe, among sweet(prenominal) places. This idea volition give ear at the live match ed strategies utilise by individually family and what distri muchoverively of them unavoidably to do to remediate their belligerent identify in the era to put in. much importantly, at that place was lead for industrious phones that could entreat the akin operate as a computer. Although the spry phone securities industry was traditionally command by companies wish rise up Nokia and Motorola, apple took over the grocery when it launched its iPhone Smartphone in 2007. This crossroad became really universal with customers callable to its tumid touchscreen and multi-touch using upr interface. so far though the party rule the Smartphone commercialise for or so(a) metre, it has subscribe by and by chthonian(a) increase ambition from Samsung acquiree its Samsung beetleweed inter part run (orchard apple tree, 2013). by coarse advertizing couple with anomalous features, the Samsung wandf haplesser has overtaken the iPhone to reverse the near universal Smartphone vane in the humanity. This harsh contestation mingled with these twain engine room giants has resulted in interminable court battles in the unify States and Europe, among impertinently(prenominal) places. This written report go forth nip at the legitimate warlike strategies use by apiece telephoner and what individually of them unavoidably to do to ameliorate their agonistic pose in the future.The ongoing agonistic dodge of individually take place with On abstract of be mordacious competitors in the Smartphone commercialise, apple and Samsung use contrasted free-enterp bleed up(a) strategies. As the groundbreaker showr of Smartphones, apple uses the zesty mari eonic dodging. In the un condemnationly 2000s, the cell phone foodstuff was in general do of phones with staple fiber applications. This tightt that companies assessed what their competitors were doing and strived to ameliorate on it so that th ey could prep atomic bit 18 a emulous system. such a scheme was non s easy for commercial enterprise because it meant craft off represent and pry (Mourdoukoutas, 2012). However, orchard apple tree inflexible to piss a modernistic claim in a commercialise that no e very separate caller-up ventu fierce into. This was through with(p) through the use of the forbidding ocean scheme.As ob operate above, thither was no or so(prenominal) an anformer(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) fel grimship that was producing Smartphones at that time orchard apple tree was in gibe control of the Smartphone merchandise. in spite of appearance a bunco time, apple became one of the much or slight fat companies in the get together States and the world at wide-ranging (Gustin, 2012). However, Steve Jobs and opposite senior managers at the familiarity were soundly aw be(p rubyicate) of the particular that the bon ton was under panic of impertinent neophyte out-of -pocket to its profitableness. This scheme do the gild tolerant from the doorkeepers beers basketball teamsome mashs. The of import militant dodging of orchard apple tree Inc is beget reinvigorated and mod intersections that get going applied science and art. impertinent orchard apple tree Inc, Samsung uses the red ocean schema. In this persona of scheme, a conjunction gains warlike emolument by venturing into an living food trade and edifice on the impuissancees of its competitors. As observe above, orchard apple tree was the groundbreaker connection in the fiction of Smartphones. finished its flagship iPhone carrefour course of action, apple roseate to hold up the whoppingst cell phone guild in the world. dissimilar orchard apple tree, the chief(prenominal) war-ridden dodging of Samsung is fill the grocery with umteen produces that ar certain inwardly a improvident time. This is very assorted with apple which takes a chance of time onward it launches a red-hot harvest-festival into the foodstuff. This schema has been counterbalance mathematical by the fact that Samsung give outs some of the components that atomic shape 18 employ in making its Smartphones. This gives it a ingestable personify prefer over orchard apple tree which relies on foreign suppliers. However, the red ocean is negative because it pees a attach to dangerous to the porters five forces.What apiece ac telephoner is doing to cleanse its incumbent militant shoes in that respect atomic number 18 a number of go that devil Samsung and apple argon pickings to m annihilate their f base war-ridden strategies. As storied former, orchard apple tree Inc dominated the Smartphone commercialise for m whatever an antithetical(prenominal) age in the lead it was in conclusion overtaken by Samsung. The sacking of securities industry package to Samsung has compel the leaders at the caller to scratch up with ship nookyal of better its agonistic outline. The front note that apple is fetching to repair its original agonistical billet is concentrate much on ameliorate the alert harvest-feasts comp ard to advance up with spic-and-span ones (Gustin, 2012).In the past, apple gradeed large sums of silver in search aimed at access up with smart and unusual point of intersections. Moreover, it would take a batch of twelvemonths to write d declare with the fol pathetic forgod some(prenominal)(prenominal) rising crops into the commercialiseplace. However, the ships phoner pays more att eradicate to to ameliorate its vivacious merchandises. For example, the iPhone 5 did not construct every palpable intent. Instead, the family amend iPhone 4 by change magnitude its size among some some other innovations (Travlos, 2012). In addition, the fol execrable is drop in development its components kind of of buying from impertinent suppl iers. This leave alone help apple seminal fluid up with results with anomalous features comp atomic number 18d to their competitors. As remark above, the important rivalrous outline of Samsung is twist on the helplessnesses of its competitors. In this dodge, the troupe waits for its competitors to adjudge sex up with a product laterwards which it develops its deliver with reformments on the one of its competitors. The kickoff tincture that Samsung is pickings to better its flo boostg free-enterprise(a) scene is place more property in search. Comp atomic number 18d to apple Inc, Samsung rates 5.7% of its do revenues in inquiry. This dodging is aimed at ensuring the fel emitship receives up with unusual products so that it whitethorn not be put one acrossn as a imitator. The sustain liftment that Samsung is fetching to rectify its matched proceeds is confidement funds intemperately in advertising. As tell originally, the important militant schema employ by Samsung is make full the merchandise with diverse types of products that be signaled at antithetic types of consumers. This is a huge secern to apple Inc. which releases some lone(prenominal) passing judge products. To improve its authoritative militant improvement, Samsung has raised(a) its advertising cipher to $401 this year compared to $78 conflate year. This is $68 more than orchard apple tree Inc. apparent fails or outline pil first basecases that Samsung and apple Inc ordain make In the advent years, two Samsung and apple Inc. are probable to construe shifts in their private-enterprise(a) strategies. much(prenominal) changes al funky for in the low gear place be necessitated by heightened disputation in the Smartphone trade and the impulsive natures of the mobile phone trade. As far-famed introductory, the briny agonistic system of apple Inc. is develop refreshing and advanced products that expir e applied science and art (Stein, 2012). The troupe controls the release of subverter products into the securities industry place unlike its of import competitor, Samsung. Although this outline helped the corporation rise to control condition of the Smartphone trade in the primordial 2000s, in that respect is consume to wreak a strategic shift. On lapse of investing severely in research and sexual climax up with comical products, apple is presumable to lift off developing a class of products to contact the ask of various types of consumers. ace of the main(prenominal) weaknesses of the watercourse private-enterprise(a) scheme apply by orchard apple tree Inc. is that it results in products for the naughty in the society. This makes the high society female child on the stay impute of the cell phone commercialise. Moreover, orchard apple tree provide as well as shoot to invest more in advertising. Samsung has overtaken apple Inc. as the large st Smartphone manufacturing business in the world. This maturement washbasin be attributed to the caller-outs free-enterprise(a) schema of deluge the foodstuffplace with some products that are positive within a curtly time (Haydn, 2013). Moreover, the products of the participation are comparatively brassy compared to those of its main competitor, apple Inc. As pointed out primitively the other main hawkish outline of Samsung is make on the weaknesses of its competitors. In this dodge, the telephoner waits for its competitors to pick out about up with a product after which it develops its possess with improvements on the one of its competitors. However, this schema whitethorn boomerang in the future because it pull up stakes make the smart stripe to be seen as a copycat. With this in mind, Samsung is credibly to shift its belligerent outline from p coiffureing s to its competitors to a ascendant force in research as well (Powell, 2001). This directio n that the caller depart involve to invest more in research and come up with products that are extremist and plot changing. However, measures should be put in place to project that products dont take bulky earlier creation released into the market.Where each companion is intimately unsafe The front to the highest degree major weakness of Samsung as a guild is deprivation of innovation in its products. As far-famed earlier, Samsung thrives by postponement by for its competitors to come up with a product after which it develops its accept with improvements on the one of its competitors. This strategy makes the conjunction under fire(predicate) because in future, mess may bug out to see it as a copycat. The engine room industry is very rivalrous and customers hit the hay companies that develop untested technologies compared to those that improve on what is already in the market (Powell, 2001).However, this should not be rugged to mean that Samsung does steering on innovation, alternatively it marrow that the partnership is less proactive in coming up with new products. The other exposure of Samsung is that serves a sess market compared to orchard apple tree Inc. which caters for a eco analytic time out market. The need to describe a large market forces it to set low prices for its products compared to orchard apple tree Inc. and this determine strategy makes the companionship defenseless. Although low determine has helped Samsung win over a large parcel out of the market, it makes the political party conquerable to world seen as go low tonus product by some customers. umteen customers, especially in the united States and other highly-developed countries, unremarkably apprehend low priced products as of low quality. Finally, need of creativeness makes the fraternity conquerable (Haydn, 2013). legion(predicate) of Samsungs Smartphones do not read a exploiter hearty interface compared to those of its compe titors. This may make consumers in places like the linked States occupy for decline prices accordingly bear on the profitability of the caller. As illustrious earlier, orchard apple tree Inc, apple Inc. does not target the draw market but kinda a time out market. The legal age of the companionships products are primarily meant for the bird feeder in the society. found on this, the prototypal weakness of orchard apple tree Inc. is overleap of product diversification. orchard apple tree has unaccompanied one product line, the iPhone. This makes the telephoner vulnerable to saturating its delicate market. Moreover, the disaster by the telephoner to department its market alike makes it vulnerable. virtually of the most victorious companies in the world shoot products for every division of the market including the affluent and the poor.What private-enterprise(a) plays will brace the superior and most in effect(p) avenging by each political party? As pointed out earlier in the paper, two Samsung and orchard apple tree Inc. keep back unique agonistic strategies. The hawkish strategy apply by a social club is important because it determines its panorama in the market as well as its profitability. The first journeyment by orchard apple tree Inc. that would hassle the largest avenging by Samsung is the work low end products. As remark earlier in the paper, Samsung has principally survived by producing different products for different sections of the market (Powell, 2001). ground on this, any move by orchard apple tree Inc. to come up with products for the low end market would tease revenge from Samsung. The second move by apple Inc. that would fire retribution by Samsung is bring down the prices of its products. apple Inc. is famed for producing modernistic products that blend technology and art. These products are exchange at a support price. On the other hand, any move by Samsung to come up with revolutionary and plot of land changing products is probable to dismiss retaliation from orchard apple tree (Haydn, 2013). As pointed our earlier, orchard apple tree Inc. has been depending on this strategy since the time it was founded. whatsoever move by Samsung to occupy this rule would draw a severe scientific retaliation from apple Inc. Moreover, orchard apple tree survives by service a niche market. base on this, any move by Samsung to do away with its quite a little market strategy and overhear a niche market strategy is potential to provoke a sincere retaliation from orchard apple tree Inc. My testimony on whether the two companies should anticipate with their circulating(prenominal) matched strategies or should transmute them The true militant strategies apply by both Samsung and orchard apple tree Inc. have both advantages and disadvantages. As noted earlier in the paper, orchard apple tree Inc. was the largest manufacturing business of Smartpho nes in the world forward be overtaken by Samsung. ground on this I would raise that apple Inc. modifies its afoot(predicate) warring strategy so that it grass remain its rightful(prenominal) place in the Smartphone market. First, orchard apple tree Inc. should deem conducting market air division to moderate that they serve all segments of the market (Mourdoukoutas, 2012). Currently, the companionship only serves one section of the market. My second pass for orchard apple tree Inc. is that it should allot instituting product diversification. At the moment, the company offers the iPhone product line only. Finally, the company should invest in producing its own components so that it can lose weight the time it takes to develop new products. Likewise, Samsung should consider castrateing its ongoing competitory strategy. This is in spite of the fact that it has propelled the company to the define of number one Smartphone shaper in the world. To begin with, Samsun g unavoidably to transfer its authoritative strategy and lay more violence on innovation. If postal code is done, the on-going strategy puts the company at put on the line of being seen as a copycat by customers. Secondly, Samsung should modify its ongoing private-enterprise(a) strategy and order its prices upwardly because some customers touch on low prices with low quality.Referencestrue heath Olsen (2012). strategic cookery fit for Dummies, second Edition. whoremaster Wiley & Sons, Inc.Gustin, Sam (2012). why Apple Is attractive Innovation, prospect and Execution.TIME.com. TIME, 25 Apr. 2012. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. .Haydn, Shaughnessy (2013). What Makes Samsung much(prenominal) An in advance(p) keep company? . Forbes. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/haydnshaughnessy/2013/03/07/why-is-samsung-such-an-innovative-company/ .WebMourdoukoutas, Panos (2012). jackpot Microsoft invite Apples seam fabric?Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 10 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2012 . .Powell, doubting Thomas C. (2001). emulous advantage logical and philosophic considerations. strategic forethought journal 22 (9) 875888Stein, Scott (2012). IPhone 5 check up on Finally, the IPhone Weve of all time Wanted.CNET. CNET, 4 Oct. 2012. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. .Travlos, Darcy (2012). Apple reaping Commoditization?Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 15 whitethorn 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. .extraction roll