Boyz N The Hood essays

Boyz N The Hood expositions MOVING BEYOND THE BOUNDARIES: HOW THE USE OF MUSIC DEVELOPS JOHN SINGLETON'S BOYZ N THE HOOD John Singleton's film Boyz N The Hood is the account of three youngsters who are compelled to manage the truth of life in South Central, Los Angeles. Singleton utilizes this setting to delineate the deterrents confronting these youthful dark men who unavoidably experience brutality surrounding them. Singleton ceases from depicting his characters as downtown mavericks however rather he portrays them as normal American young people who are trapped in a circumstance in which they have no control. Doughboy is a normal American young person however his conduct isn't that of a normal youngster. It is a consequence of the impact from the general public he has encountered. The music utilized all through the film permits the film to move past the limits of simply recounting to a story. Using music in the film Singleton can emphasize huge circumstances and show the complexity between characters. The ut ilization of music in Boyz N The Hood permits Singleton to specifically propel the film. Singleton amplifies critical circumstances using music. With every tune, the selection of instruments and verses makes an enthusiastic reaction by the watcher which gives the scene another measurement. The primary instrument in the film is the moaning saxophone. At the point when the saxophone is played it takes into consideration the power of the scene to work to its peak. The saxophone is used in the scenes in which an individual breaks into Furious' home and when Ricky is shot. The saxophone is consistently present when brutality is going to occur. The other sort of instrumental music that is utilized is a delicate, slow stable which makes a sentiment of unwinding and delicacy. This kind of music is utilized when Tre is accepting an exercise from one of his folks. The delicate music played during these minutes outlines his parent's caring nature and the worry the two of them have about his fu ture. By using this sy... <! Boyz N The Hood papers John Singleton's film Boyz N The Hood is the narrative of three youngsters who are compelled to manage the truth of life in South Central, Los Angeles. Singleton utilizes this setting to show the impediments confronting these youthful dark men who unavoidably experience savagery surrounding them. Singleton forgoes depicting his characters as downtown oddballs yet rather he portrays them as normal American youngsters who are trapped in a circumstance in which they have no control. Doughboy is a normal American adolescent yet his conduct isn't that of a normal youngster. It is an aftereffect of the impact from the general public he has encountered. The music utilized all through the film permits the film to move past the limits of simply recounting to a story. Using music in the film Singleton can highlight huge circumstances and show the complexity between characters. The utilization of music in Boyz N The Hood permits Singleton to specifically propel the film. Singleton amplifies huge circumstances using music. With every tune, the selection of instruments and verses makes an enthusiastic reaction by the watcher which gives the scene another measurement. The principle instrument in the film is the moaning saxophone. At the point when the saxophone is played it takes into consideration the force of the scene to work to its peak. The saxophone is used in the scenes in which an individual breaks into Furious' home and when Ricky is shot. The saxophone is consistently present when brutality is going to happen. The other sort of instrumental music that is utilized is a delicate, slow stable which makes a sentiment of unwinding and delicacy. This kind of music is utilized when Tre is getting an exercise from one of his folks. The delicate music played during these minutes represents his parent's caring nature and the worry the two of them have about his future. By uti ... <! Boyz n the hood papers In the film Boys in the Hood, it most certainly strengthens dark sterotype generally there are different sterotypes done in the film. How, by depicting blacks as continually being scoundrel rubbish and never helping to help advantage themselves. This is the regular American sterotype session downtown individuals of color, that they are consistently hooligans and non-humanized individuals. This is done well indeed, by the football players more youthful sibling. He is protrayed as what you would call now a days as a yard monkey. He is continually sitting on the yard with forty ounce lager and talking session how they going to do a criminal demonstration. They likewise show him as an individual who doesnt need to escape destitution and simply advantage off the framework or exploit it. This film likewise makes all blacks appear dangerous savages. That their first intuition to take care of an issue is to shoot somebody when a trial doesn't go how they would have preferred it as well. A case of this is the point at which the one individual of color chanced upon the football player and they nearly got in a battle cuz of it and the more youthful sibling gets out and shows his gun. Afterward on they football player get shot by a similar child. They do this to show how non-socialized the dark network is. Another way they likewise utilized a predisposition assault was by making, all blacks conveying weapons and continually having decent vehicles however trashy living status. This film does likewise have an inclination assault on white individuals too. In the article by Paul Cowen he says The second gathering of movies incorporates those which may be portrayed by a specific inauthenticity in depciting an individual from a paticular ethnic gathering or the gathering perse. Thios is typically because of the throwing of an entertainer whose physical highlights fundamentally look like the sterotype of another ethnic or social gathering, however may likewise come about because of interpreting a forgein classification and forgein social incentive into a standard American acting delineating American qualities (Cowen, Paul p.362). This is d... <!

Math Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Math - Essay Example As it were, they are decidedly associated. Notwithstanding, note that a portion of the information demonstrate that at certain degrees of pay ($ 52,000 and $ 66,000), the sum spent on vehicles decline when contrasted with lower levels ($ 38,000 and $ 40,000). There are a couple of more qualities which contrast from the rest. In any case, the majority of the information show that the relationship is certain. The Correlation coefficient is certain affirming the positive relationship between the two factors. Likewise, the estimation of the coefficient is 0.89 which shows a solid connection between the two factors. B. What is the course of causality in this relationship - for example does having an increasingly costly vehicle get you acquire more cash-flow, or does gaining more cash cause you to spend more on your vehicle? As such, characterize one of these factors as your reliant variable (Y) and one as your autonomous variable (X). So as to recognize the heading of causality, the two factors are investigated equitably. At the point when an individual spends more cash on the vehicle, it doesn't have any impact on his salary. Subsequently it is clear that the sum spent on the vehicle doesn't influence or have an impact on the yearly pay of the individual. Be that as it may, when a person’s yearly pay expands, he is bound to spend higher on the vehicle. At the end of the day, yearly pay is the reason and the sum spent on vehicle is the impact. Thus the yearly pay is the autonomous variable (X) and the sum spent on the vehicle is the reliant variable (Y). The sum spent on the vehicle (Y) relies upon the yearly pay (X). C. What technique do you think would be best for testing the connection between your needy and free factor, ANOVA or relapse? Clarify your thinking completely with a conversation of the two strategies. Relationship sets up the relationship between two factors, anyway doesn't show the bearing of causation

Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation and Binge Eating

Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation and Binge Eating More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Binge eatingâ€"or bingeingâ€"is defined as eating a large volume of food at one time and feeling as if you have no control over the amount of food you consume. Binge eating disorder is often diagnosed when bingeing occurs at least once a week for three months.?? Many people regard binge eating as a relatively benign eating disorder, especially in comparison to the severe food restriction of anorexia or purging seen with bulimia. And some even believe that isolated episodes of binge eating arent harmful. But these assumptions arent necessarily true. Among other health concerns, a rare consequence of bingeing can be acute massive gastric dilatation, a condition that causes extreme distention of the stomach. If not quickly managed, the condition can result in death. Its important to understand this condition to fully grasp the impact of disordered eating like bingeing. The Differences Between Binge Eating and Overeating Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation Defined To understand acute massive gastric dilatation, it may be helpful to define key terms related to the condition: Gastric dilatation means enlargement or ballooning of the stomachIschemia means lack of blood flowNecrosis means death of, as in the death of cellsPerforation means tear, generally in body tissues Sometimes, the stomach may become so large that it occupies an area of the abdomen from the diaphragm to the pelvis and from the left side of the body to the right side of the body. Acute massive gastric dilatation occurs when there is extreme distention or enlargement of the stomach. While the condition is rare, it is encountered in several different scenarios. It can be a postoperative complication after abdominal surgery and it is sometimes seen in patients with disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, psychogenic polyphagia (extreme desire to eat), or trauma. The condition is dangerous because it can cause ischemia, necrosis, and perforation of the stomach. In most cases of acute massive gastric dilatation, surgery has been necessary to prevent or to treat the complications. Early diagnosis with prompt gastric decompression may avoid unnecessary surgery.?? Case Examples Though there is limited literature available, the case examples below illustrate the unexpected severity of acute massive gastric dilatation. In these examples, an episode of binge eating went wrong and triggered an urgent need for medical attention. Anorexia Nervosa A published case history provides details of a person with a history of anorexia nervosa.?? Study authors describe a 26-year-old female who came to the emergency department of Massachusetts General Hospital with symptoms that included abdominal pain and nausea. She had been unable to vomit for two hours. Her weight was in the low-normal BMI range and she was described as thin.   At first, she reported no significant abnormal eating preceding the onset of her pain. But she eventually disclosed a past history of anorexia nervosa, including bingeing and purging, which had occurred in her teens. She said she had gone four years without bingeing but then went on a one-hour binge preceding this presentation brought on by alcohol intoxication and stress. Medical intervention revealed that her gastric content included approximately two gallons of partially digested food. She was suffering from acute gastric dilatation with some necrosis â€" which can be fatal if not accurately and quickly diagnosed and treated. Stomach contents were surgically removed. The woman remained in the hospital for five days and had to maintain a liquid diet even after she was discharged. Eventually, she resumed a typical diet and has since reported no problems. However, if she had not come to the ER on the night of her binge eating episode, her outcome may have been dire. Study authors noted in their report that early surgical intervention is critical in preventing fatal complications.?? Bingeing and Excessive Exercise Another case report describes a 28-year-old female who came to the emergency room with sudden abdominal discomfort and pain. The cause of symptoms was not reported at the time of admission. Her weight was in the normal to low-normal BMI range. The woman was suffering from a massive dilatation of her stomach. She was admitted to the hospital and placed in intensive care. Medical evaluation revealed large amounts of undigested food that needed to be surgically removed. The patient eventually disclosed a history of an eating disorder since childhood. Binge episodes were often followed by compensatory behaviors including food restriction and excessive exercise. At the time of hospital admission, she had been experiencing daily binges (with purging) triggered by work stress. The woman was discharged 13 days after she first arrived at the hospital. She continued with psychiatric treatment that was initiated in the hospital. Authors of the report note that under similar conditions some patients do not recover and unfortunately pass away. They confirm the severity of this condition as well as the importance of adequate diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention.?? No Eating Disorder In 2016, medical experts published a report of a 17-year-old male with no history of an eating disorder.?? The young man came to the hospital with pain and distension in the abdomen area and a period of retching without vomiting. He had reportedly fasted about 24-hours for religious purposes. Then, he had a binge-like dinner on the night before he ended up in emergency medical treatment the following night. He was described as a “healthy boy” other than the abdominal issues. But he was suffering from acute gastric dilatation with ischemia and necrosis of the stomach wall. Medical intervention was required to remove about five liters of free fluid and undigested food in the abdominal cavity. This episode could have lead to death if the patient had not received a timely medical intervention. The case study authors note that the condition can occur even in those with no diagnosis of an eating disorder.?? These cases are just a few that have been reported in the medical literature. But they are good examples of why binge-eating is dangerous â€" even when just a single episode is involved. They are also important reminders that medical intervention is key for proper management, and in some cases, for survival. Causes and Risk Factors More research is needed to clarify the risks and causes of acute gastric dilatation. A person of any weight may be susceptible to acute massive gastric dilatation. Though there are some factors that may increase your risk of experiencing the condition. As indicated, binge eating puts you at risk. A higher chance of occurrence has been reported for those who currently have or have a history of an eating disorder versus those who don’t have that history. People who binge should be cautious of fasting and binge eating patterns accompanied by abdominal pain. Warning Signs of Acute Massive Gastric Dilatation Key symptoms to watch for include:NauseaVomitingAn inability to vomitBloating/distension in the abdomen areaSudden onset of abdominal pain If you notice any of these symptoms, immediate medical attention and treatment can be critical. If massive gastric dilatation is suspected, surgery may be required to avoid more severe complications including necrosis, perforation, shock, and death. Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders A Word From Verywell Its not uncommon to have occasional episodes where you eat a little more than you had expected. Sometimes, it may lead to slight discomfort. But binge eating â€" an episode where overeating gets out of control â€" is different and can be serious. There can be sudden and severe consequences of bingeing. If you are someone who binges or if you have a loved one who binges, take steps to get help. You may help save a life by knowing about this rare but potentially deadly condition. Fortunately, successful treatments for binge eating disorder are available. Treatments for Binge Eating Disorder

The Importance Of Pre Project Planning On The Delivery...

It has been an enormous growth in the use of megaproject as the preferred delivery model for business and industrial activities over the past decade and there is a distinct indicates that this will continue. Construction of megaproject is a complex undertaking, depending on the scope and complexity of the project, it takes in a varied range of aspects consideration and miscellaneous preparations from initial planning to project completion. ‘The importance of pre-project planning in the delivery process and its potential impact on project success has long been recognized by industry practitioners’ (Gibson et al. 2006). With appropriate approaches, it offers extensive opportunities in terms of economy, social and environment impacts. On the other hand, it leads to disastrous pit if is not given appropriate strategy. In 1996, it was bring about by the government of the State of Victoria to develop an exciting public community square with its intentions to commemorate the 2001 centennial of the Australian Federation (Misiak 2003). Besides its derivation purpose, it was also aimed to create an iconic landmark and to boost Melbourne’s status in the global community. Soon after the announcement, an international design competition was conducted for the development of the Federation Square. Of the 177 entries, a joint venture formed by London-based Lab architecture studio and Melbourne based Bates Smart architects won the design competition and the formal planning process beganShow MoreRelatedInformation Resources Planning And Management1650 Words   |  7 PagesInformation Resource Planning(IRP): Information Resources Planning and Management (IRPM) is a growing strategy that helps the managers gather, assign and exploit their information assets for the development of business. 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This paper explains the process of Project Management and the risks, specifically associated with IT projects, that threaten the effective execution and success and implementation of an ITRead MoreProject Planning : Time Consuming, Yet Essential For Success At Project Completion Essay1866 Words   |  8 PagesDNP Needs Assessment Project planning is time consuming, yet essential for success at project completion. A component of planning is assessing the current practice that the doctoral of nursing practice (DNP) student hopes to change through implementation of the project. Careful planning will help to identify the needs of the project while distinguishing potential issues and roadblocks with implementation. 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The purpose of this paper is to describe the DNP project stakeholders, assess the current environmentRead MoreMock Test: Information Technology Infrastructure Library 1733 Words   |  7 PagesLevel Management is to maintain and improve the IT service quality through a constant cycle of agreeing, monitoring and reporting upon IT service achievements Reporting and management of all services measuring existing services and the potential future requirements monitoring service failures, reduction of service risks 2. Good example of a service can be described as? Unix Server Payroll Processing Firewall Wide Area Network 3. What is the role of the Emergency ChangeRead MoreAn Ounce Of Prevention Is Worth A Pound Of Cure3567 Words   |  15 Pagesretrospect. Similarly, the current cross-roads in the construction industry as to whether and to what extent contractors engage in pre-bid risk assessment provides fertile ground to again prove that an ounce of prevention is indeed worth a pound of cure. Contractors understand that winning a project bid is anything but certain, and all but a few firms have won a project that, in retrospect, they wish they hadn’t. In this respect, Franklin’s admonition that is as true today as it was 280 years agoRead MoreSeven Aspects Of Change Management7534 Words   |  31 Pagesclear plan IT projects which have a clear definition for the process, such as planning, implementation and monitoring, are more likely to achieve project success (Goatham, 2009; Queensland Government, 2014), and this is called ‘process improvement’ (Goatham, 2009). The clear planning for changes can help the organisation to clearly understand their current situation, understand how to achieve change objectives, how changes will influence the organisation and connect the planning to the organisational

The Global Supply Chain Business Essays - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1486 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Today globalization is no longer an option, but a matter of survival for companies. Global manufacturing and supply chain management are two of a companys most important tools when it comes to reducing costs and increasing revenues. Supply chain can be defined as a set of three or more entities (organizations or individuals) directly involved in the upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances, and/or information from a source to a customer (1). To explain this easier we can say that the supply chain is a way to organize the making of a product from the raw material supplier to the finished product which can be sold to consumers. The supply chain consists of three key parts; supply, manufacturing and distribution. The supply part includes how, when and where the business is going to get their raw materials they can use in the manufacturing. Manufacturing focuses on how to convert the materials to finished products, and the distribution part wil l try to get these products out to the consumers in the best way possible, through an organized network of distributors, warehouses and retailers. It is important for the company to form out a strategy, so that they take the best advantage of their supply chain. To ensure this, they can use the supply chain management to find the most efficient and cost-effective way. A business has to take a lot of choices when forming out its supply chain strategy. The management wants to run the business in the most efficient way, so that they can earn the highest profit possible. They have a lot of options on how to organize the supply chain. It can produce its input in-house, it can outsource it in the home country, it can produce them in a foreign country (FDI), or it can import them from a foreign supplier. The biggest multinational enterprises spread their supply chain over many countries which benefits from low average wages and undervalued currency. It is very popular to look at Asia, M exico or Eastern Europe when you want to outsource your manufacturing because the labor is so cheap in these areas. This may be a much more profitable way to manufacture their products compared to doing all of the production by themselves. To solve the make or buy problem, the company has to consider a couple of factors regarding an outsourcing-strategy. First of all they have to see if outsourcing the parts really would reduce the manufacturing costs. Thats often the most obvious reason to choose an outsourcing strategy. To achieve a complete overview of all the costs associated with outsourcing to another country, they can make a total cost analysis. Labor costs may be such a small part of the total costs, that it will not necessarily be profitable for the business. They also have to take into account all costs related to for instance transportation and storing. They also need to find a manufacturer they can depend on when it comes to products and price. In the same category we can put the importance of quality. They have to be sure that the products and services are of high quality, and that the speed of the delivery is acceptable. It is important that the finished products reach the market in time. A famous saying is: do what you do best and outsource the rest, and many firms live by this rule. It means that you need to find your core competence, which means the areas that make the firm unique, and where they may have a competitive advantage. Burt, Dobler and Starling (world class supply management (1) present a rule of thumb for outsourcing. According to them a firm should outsource all items unless it is critical to the success of the product, it requires specialized design, skills or equipment and there are only a few reliable suppliers, or if it is within the core competence of the business. If the item fits at least one of these characteristics, it should be produced in-house. Another thought is that you should outsource if it gives you bette r value for money compared to producing it in-house. There are of course many pros and cons by both in-house manufacturing and outsourcing. We will start by mention the most important advantages of outsourcing compared to making the part in-house. The primary and most common motivation to why businesses outsource parts of their manufacturing is the opportunity to save money. It is a well known truth that people in developing countries are paid far less than people in the West. U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics estimate that the average wage in China is 67 cents an hour. This is a number significantly lower than the average of 23, 65$ earned by US factory workers. Because of these conditions China has become the most popular country for companies to source out their manufacturing, and Wall Street Journal have described it as the worlds factory floor.(1) Other cost saving benefits in addition to lower salaries is that for every employee you can cut off, you can save costs and ma intenance of for example a computer and you can cut expenditures and time related to training of new employees. You might also save money connected to research and development (RD), marketing and launching. Another great advantage by outsourcing is that the subcontractor most likely is an expert in the service they provide, and it is their core competence. This means that the business is receiving a higher quality service than they would get with an in-house employee. The service provider also has a reputation to take care of, and if they dont deliver the quality that is expected, the competition is very high so they might be replaced by another subcontractor. If you are a relatively small firm you may not have enough capital to obtain the best technology, than you can take advantage of the subcontractors technology since that is part of their core business. When you choose to outsource your manufacturing business you get the opportunity to really focus on your core competence , and can develop this to a new level.This will give you an even bigger competitive advantage. A pro regarding outsourcing can also be that it is risk reducing and flexible. Changes in the environment such as market and technology can happen really fast, and it can be difficult to keep up with these changes. When a company outsource, the risks are divided between several different companies. A specialized supplier invests not only for one firm, but on the behalf of all clients. By sharing these investments, the risk reduces for each business. It is also more flexible because it is much easier to cut a supplier, than to tell an employee that he is fired. In some cases the fact that you have a specialist in your company, which normally will increase the quality and lower the costs, may be a factor that attracts customers. There are also a couple of disadvantages connected to outsourcing. There is of course always a risk that you dont earn the profit you expected by the out source investment. When you manufacture a component in-house you know what you get, but outsourcing is a way more insecure strategy Another disadvantage is that you will lose managerial control. When you subcontract your manufacturing you give the management and control to this company. The company you outsource to will have no connection to your business beyond the contract, and will not be driven by the same standards and guidelines as your company. You dont have the same quality control when outsourcing opposed to manufacturing in-house. Outsourcing may threat and upset your employees, and make them feel less important. This can affect the quality of their work. It is important to always keep your employees motivated. Employees are often far more loyal to their company, but the supplier will not feel the same connection. They often have a lot of customers and are motivated by profit. You may risk that they only want the job done, and that the quality of the job isnt as good as it should be. When you manufacture in-house you can find out when the products isnt of acceptable quality, and you still got the time to do something. When your outsourcing to a foreign supplier your extremely vulnerable that your products reaches the market in time. The products may be transported to the market just before the deadline, and if the quality isnt good enough its too late to send them back. This can make you lose your customers. Another option that has become an increasing trend the last decades are foreign direct investments (FDI). FDI can be defined as any form of investments in enterprises which function outside of the domestic territory of the investor (1. There are several opportunities to how you can get into a foreign market by a FDI including franchising, joint ventures  Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Global Supply Chain Business Essays" essay for you Create order

Sample Apa Research Paper Free Essays

string(120) " than those deprived for 12 hours, who in turn were predicted to perform worse than hose who were not deprived of food\." Sample APA Research Paper Sample Title Page Place manuscript page headers one-half inch from the top. Put five spaces between the page header and the page number. Running on Empty 1 Full title, authors, and school name are centered on the page, typed in uppercase and lowercase. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Apa Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Running on Empty: The Effects of Food Deprivation on Concentration and Perseverance Thomas Delancy and Adam Solberg Dordt College 34 Sample Abstract Running on Empty Abstract This study examined the effects of short-term food deprivation on two The abstract summarizes the problem, participants, hypotheses, methods used, results, and conclusions. cognitive abilities—concentration and perseverance. Undergraduate students (N-51) were tested on both a concentration task and a perseverance task after one of three levels of food deprivation: none, 12 hours, or 24 hours. We predicted that food deprivation would impair both concentration scores and perseverance time. Food deprivation had no significant effect on concentration scores, which is consistent with recent research on the effects of food deprivation (Green et al. , 1995; Green et al. , 1997). However, participants in the 12-hour deprivation group spent significantly less time on the perseverance task than those in both the control and 24-hour deprivation groups, suggesting that short-term deprivation may affect some aspects of cognition and not others. An APA Research Paper Model Thomas Delancy and Adam Solberg wrote the following research paper for a psychology class. As you review their paper, read the side notes and examine the following: ? The use and documentation of their numerous sources. ? The background they provide before getting into their own study results. The scientific language used when reporting their results. Center the title one inch from the top. Double-space throughout. Running on Empty Running on Empty: The Effects of Food Deprivation on Concentration and Perseverance 3 Many things interrupt people’s ability to focus on a task: distractions, headaches, noisy environments, and even psychological disorders. To some extent, people can control the environmental factors that make it difficult to focus. However, what about internal factors, such as an empty stomach? Can people increase their ability to focus simply by eating regularly? One theory that prompted research on how food intake affects the average person was the glucostatic theory. Several researchers in the 1940s and 1950s suggested that the brain regulates food intake in order to maintain a blood-glucose set point. The idea was that people become hungry when their blood-glucose levels drop significantly below their set point and that they become satisfied after eating, when their blood-glucose levels return to that set point. This theory seemed logical because glucose is the brain’s primary fuel (Pinel, 2000). The earliest investigation of the general effects of food deprivation found that long-term food deprivation (36 hours and longer) was associated with sluggishness, depression, irritability, reduced heart rate, and inability to concentrate (Keys, Brozek, The introduction states the topic and the main questions to be explored. The researchers supply background information by discussing past research on the topic. Extensive referencing establishes support for the discussion. Henschel, Mickelsen, Taylor, 1950). Another study found that fasting for several days produced muscular weakness, irritability, and apathy or depression (Kollar, Slater, Palmer, Docter, Mandell, 1964). Since that time, research has focused mainly on how nutrition affects cognition. However, as Green, Elliman, and Rogers (1995) point out, the effects of food deprivation on cognition have received comparatively less attention in recent years. Running on Empty The relatively sparse research on food deprivation has left room for 4 urther research. First, much of the research has focused either on chronic The researchers explain how their study will add to past research on the topic. starvation at one end of the continuum or on missing a single meal at the other end (Green et al. , 1995). Second, some of the findings have been contradictory. One study found that skipping breakfast impairs certain aspects of cognition, such as problem-solving abilities (Pollitt, Lewis, Garza, Shulman, 1 983). However, other research by M. W. Green, N. A. Elliman, and P. J. Rogers (1995, 1997) has found that food deprivation ranging from missing a single meal to 24 hours without eating does not significantly impair cognition. Third, not all groups of people have been sufficiently studied. Studies have been done on 9–11 year-olds (Pollitt et Clear transitions guide readers through the researchers’ reasoning. al. , 1983), obese subjects (Crumpton, Wine, Drenick, 1966), college-age men and women (Green et al. , 1995, 1996, 1997), and middle-age males (Kollar et al. , 1964). Fourth, not all cognitive aspects have been studied. In 1995 Green, Elliman, and Rogers studied sustained attention, simple reaction time, and immediate memory; in 1996 they studied attentional bias; and in 1997 they studied simple reaction time, two-finger tapping, recognition memory, and free recall. In 1983, another study focused on reaction time and accuracy, intelligence quotient, and problem solving (Pollitt et al. ). According to some researchers, most of the results so far indicate that cognitive function is not affected significantly by short-term fasting (Green et al. , 1995, p. 246). However, this conclusion seems premature due to the relative lack of research on cognitive functions such as concentration and The researchers support their decision to focus on concentration and perseverance. perseverance. To date, no study has tested perseverance, despite its importance in cognitive functioning. In fact, perseverance may be a better indicator than achievement tests in assessing growth in learning and thinking abilities, as perseverance helps in solving complex problems (Costa, 1984). Another study also recognized that perseverance, better learning techniques, and effort are cognitions worth studying (D’Agostino, 1996). Testing as many aspects of cognition as possible is key because the nature of the task is important when interpreting the link between food deprivation and cognitive performance (Smith Kendrick, 1992). Running on Empty The researchers state their initial hypotheses. 5 Therefore, the current study helps us understand how short-term food deprivation affects concentration on and perseverance with a difficult task. Specifically, participants deprived of food for 24 hours were expected to perform worse on a concentration test and a perseverance task than those deprived for 12 hours, who in turn were predicted to perform worse than hose who were not deprived of food. You read "Sample Apa Research Paper" in category "Essay examples" Method Headings and subheadings show the paper’s organization. Participants Participants included 51 undergraduate-student volunteers (32 females, 19 males), some of whom received a small amount of extra credit in a college course. The mean college grade point average (GPA) was 3. 19. Potential participants were excluded if they were dieting, menstruating, or taking special medication. Those who were struggling with or had The experiment’s method is described, using the terms and acronyms of the discipline. truggled with an eating disorder were excluded, as were potential participants addicted to nicotine or caffeine. Materials Concentration speed and accuracy were measured using an online numbers-matching test (www. psychtests. com/tests/iq/concentration. html) that consisted of 26 lines of 25 numbers each. In 6 minutes, participants were required to find pairs of numbers in each line that added up to 10. Scores were calculated as the percentage of correctly identified pairs out of Passive voice is used to emphasize the experiment, not the researchers; otherwise, active voice is used. a possible 120. Perseverance was measured with a puzzle that contained five octagons—each of which included a stencil of a specific object (such as an animal or a flower). The octagons were to be placed on top of each other in a specific way to make the silhouette of a rabbit. However, three of the shapes were slightly altered so that the task was impossible. Perseverance scores were calculated as the number of minutes that a participant spent on the puzzle task before giving up. Procedure At an initial meeting, participants gave informed consent. Each consent form contained an assigned identification number and requested the participant’s GPA. Students were then informed that they would be notified by e-mail and telephone about their assignment to one of the Running on Empty three experimental groups. Next, students were given an instruction The experiment is laid out step by step, with time transitions like â€Å"then† and â€Å"next. † 6 sheet. These written instructions, which we also read aloud, explained the experimental conditions, clarified guidelines for the food deprivation period, and specified the time and location of testing. Participants were randomly assigned to one of these conditions using a matched-triplets design based on the GPAs collected at the initial meeting. This design was used to control individual differences in cognitive ability. Two days after the initial meeting, participants were informed of their group assignment and its condition and reminded that, if they were in a food-deprived group, they should not eat anything after 10 a. m. the next day. Participants from the control group were tested at 7:30 p. m. in a designated computer lab on the day the deprivation started. Those in the 12-hour group were tested at 10 p. m. on that same day. Those in the 24-hour group were tested at 10:40 a. m. on the following day. At their assigned time, participants arrived at a computer lab for testing. Each participant was given written testing instructions, which were also read aloud. The online concentration test had already Attention is shown to the control features. been loaded on the computers for participants before they arrived for testing, so shortly after they arrived they proceeded to complete the test. Immediately after all participants had completed the test and their scores were recorded, participants were each given the silhouette puzzle and instructed how to proceed. In addition, they were told that (1) they would have an unlimited amount of time to complete the task, and (2) they were not to tell any other participant whether they had completed the puzzle or simply given up. This procedure was followed to prevent the group influence of some participants seeing others give up. Any participant still working on the puzzle after 40 minutes was stopped to keep the time of the study manageable. Immediately after each participant stopped working on the puzzle, he/she gave demographic information and completed a few manipulation-check items. We then debriefed and dismissed each participant outside of the lab. Running on Empty Results The writers summarize their findings, including problems encountered. 7 Perseverance data from one control-group participant were eliminated because she had to leave the session early. Concentration data from another control-group participant were dropped because he did not complete the test correctly. Three manipulation-check questions indicated that each participant correctly perceived his or her deprivation condition and had followed the rules for it. The average concentration score was 77. 78 (SD = 14. 21), which was very good considering that anything over 50 percent is labeled â€Å"good† or â€Å"above average. The average time spent on the puzzle was 24. 00 minutes (SD = 10. 16), with a maximum of 40 minutes allowed. We predicted that participants in the 24-hour deprivation group would perform worse on the concentration test and the perseverance task than those in the 12-hour group, who in turn would perform worse than those in the control gro up. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant effect of deprivation condition on concentration, F(2,46) = 1. 06, p = . 36 (see Figure 1). Another one-way ANOVA indicated Figure 1. 100 â€Å"See Figure 1† sends readers to a figure (graph, photograph, chart, or drawing) contained in the paper. All figures and illustrations (other than tables) are numbered in the order that they are first mentioned in the text. Mean score on concentration test 90 80 70 60 50 No deprivation 12-hour deprivation 24-hour deprivation Deprivation Condition The researchers restate their hypotheses and the results, and go on to interpret those results. Running on Empty a significant effect of deprivation condition on perseverance time, F(2,47) = 7. 41, p . 05. Post-hoc Tukey tests indicated that the 12-hour deprivation group (M = 17. 79, SD = 7. 84) spent significantly less time on the perseverance task than either the control group (M = 26. 0, SD = 6. 20) or the 24-hour group (M = 28. 75, SD = 12. 11), with no significant difference between the latter two groups (see Figure 2). No significant effect was found for gender either generally or with specific deprivation conditions, Fs 1. 00. Unexpectedly, food deprivation had no significant effect on concentration scores. Overall, we found support fo r our hypothesis that 12 hours of food deprivation would significantly impair perseverance when compared to no deprivation. Unexpectedly, 24 hours 8 of food deprivation did not significantly affect perseverance relative to the control group. Also unexpectedly, food deprivation did not significantly affect concentration scores. Figure 2. 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 No deprivation 12-hour deprivation 24-hour deprivation Mean score on perseverance test Deprivation Condition Discussion The purpose of this study was to test how different levels of food deprivation affect concentration on and perseverance with difficult tasks. Running on Empty they would score on the concentration task, and the less time they would spend on the perseverance task. In this study, those deprived of food did 9 We predicted that the longer people had been deprived of food, the lower ive up more quickly on the puzzle, but only in the 12-hour group. Thus, the hypothesis was partially supported for the perseverance task. However, concentration was found to be unaffected by food deprivation, and thus the hypothesis was not supported for that task. The findings of this study are consistent with those of Green et al. The writers speculate on possible explanations for the unexpected results. (1995), where short-term food deprivation did not affect some aspects of cognition, including attentional focus. Taken together, these findings suggest that concentration is not significantly impaired by short-term food deprivation. The findings on perseverance, however, are not as easily explained. We surmise that the participants in the 12-hour group gave up more quickly on the perseverance task because of their hunger produced by the food deprivation. But why, then, did those in the 24-hour group fail to yield the same effect? We postulate that this result can be explained by the concept of â€Å"learned industriousness,† wherein participants who perform one difficult task do better on a subsequent task than the participants who never took the initial task (Eisenberger Leonard, 1980; Hickman, Stromme, Lippman, 1998). Because participants had successfully completed 24 hours of fasting already, their tendency to persevere had already been increased, if only temporarily. Another possible explanation is that the motivational state of a participant may be a significant determinant of behavior under testing (Saugstad, 1967). This idea may also explain the short perseverance times in the 12-hour group: because these participants took the tests at 10 p. m. , a prime time of the night for conducting business and socializing on a college campus, they may have been less motivated to take the time to work on the puzzle. Research on food deprivation and cognition could continue in several directions. First, other aspects of cognition may be affected by short-term food deprivation, such as reading comprehension or motivation. With respect to this latter topic, some students in this study reported decreased motivation to complete the tasks because of a desire to eat immediately Running on Empty took the tests may have influenced the results: those in the 24-hour 10 after the testing. In addition, the time of day when the respective groups group took the tests in the morning and may have been fresher and more relaxed than those in the 12-hour group, who took the tests at night. Perhaps, then, the motivation level of food-deprived participants could be effectively tested. Second, longer-term food deprivation periods, such as those experienced by people fasting for religious reasons, could be explored. It is possible that cognitive function fluctuates over the duration of deprivation. Studies could ask how long a person can remain focused despite a lack of nutrition. Third, and perhaps most fascinating, studies could explore how food deprivation affects learned industriousness. As stated above, one possible explanation for the better perseverance times in the 24-hour group could be that they spontaneously improved their perseverance faculties by simply forcing themselves not to eat for 24 hours. Therefore, research could study how food deprivation affects the acquisition of perseverance. In conclusion, the results of this study provide some fascinating The conclusion summarizes the outcomes, stresses the experiment’s value, and anticipates further advances on the topic. nsights into the cognitive and physiological effects of skipping meals. Contrary to what we predicted, a person may indeed be very capable of concentrating after not eating for many hours. On the other hand, if one is taking a long test or working long hours at a tedious task that requires perseverance, one may be hindered by not eating for a short time, as shown by the 12- hour group’s performance on the perseverance task. Many people—students, working mothers, and those interested in fasting, to mention a few—have to deal with short-term food deprivation, intentional or unintentional. This research and other research to follow will contribute to knowledge of the disadvantages—and possible advantages—of skipping meals. The mixed results of this study suggest that we have much more to learn about short-term food deprivation. Running on Empty References All works referred to in the paper appear on the reference page, listed alphabetically by author (or title). 11 Costa, A. L. (1984). Thinking: How do we know students are getting better at it? Roeper Review, 6, 197–199. Crumpton, E. , Wine, D. B. , Drenick, E. J. (1966). Starvation: Stress or satisfaction? Journal of the American Medical Association, 196, 394–396. D’Agostino, C. A. F. (1996). Testing a social-cognitive model of achievement motivation. -Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities Social Sciences, 57, 1985. Eisenberger, R. , Leonard, J. M. (1980). Effects of conceptual task Each entry follows APA guidelines for listing authors, dates, titles, and publishing information. difficulty on generalized persistence. American Journal of Psychology, 93, 285–298. Green, M. W. , Elliman, N. A. , Rogers, P. J. (1995). Lack of effect of short-term fasting on cognitive function. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 29, 245–253. Green, M. W. , Elliman, N. A. , Rogers, P. J. (1996). Hunger, caloric preloading, and the selective processing of food and body shape words. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 143–151. Green, M. W. , Elliman, N. A. , Rogers, P. J. (1997). The study effects of food deprivation and incentive motivation on blood glucose levels and cognitive function. Psychopharmacology, 134, 88–94. Hickman, K. L. , Stromme, C. , Lippman, L. G. (1998). Learned Capitalization, punctuation, and hanging indentation are consistent with APA format. ndustriousness: Replication in principle. Journal of General Psychology, 125, 213–217. Keys, A. , Brozek, J. , Henschel, A. , Mickelsen, O. , Taylor, H. L. (1950). The biology of human starvation (Vol. 2). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Kollar, E. J. , Slater, G. R. , Palmer, J. O. , Docter, R. F. , Mandell, A. J. (1964). Measurement of stress in fasting man. Archiv es of General Psychology, 11, 113–125. Pinel, J. P. (2000). Biopsychology (4th ed. ). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Running on Empty 12 Pollitt, E. , Lewis, N. L. , Garza, C. , Shulman, R. J. (1982–1983). Fasting and cognitive function. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 169–174. Saugstad, P. (1967). Effect of food deprivation on perception-cognition: A comment [Comment on the article by David L. Wolitzky]. Psychological Bulletin, 68, 345–346. Smith, A. P. , Kendrick, A. M. (1992). Meals and performance. In A. P. Smith D. M. Jones (Eds. ), Handbook of human performance: Vol. 2, Health and performance (pp. 1–23). San Diego: Academic Press. Smith, A. P. , Kendrick, A. M. , Maben, A. L. (1992). Effects of breakfast and caffeine on performance and mood in the late morning and after lunch. Neuropsychobiology, 26, 198–204. How to cite Sample Apa Research Paper, Essays

Pestle Analysis Mining Equipment and Construction

Question: Discuss about thePestle Analysisfor Mining Equipment and Construction. Answer: Completed PestleTools P-Political- This tool focuses on the political stability and instability towards the organization E-Economic- This tool focuses on the state of economical nature that helps organization to lead the business S-Social- Social culture and trends have vast impact on the organization T-Technological- Technological advancement largely influence the operation of the company where it operates L-Legal- Government regulations and other trade laws influencing the business E-Environmental- Environmental sustainability is significant aspect for developing the business PestleAnalysis It is a known fact that Caterpillar Inc. has gained an incredible progress and driven the positive changes in each part of the world. According recent annual report (2015), the company has generated the revenue of $47.011 billion with the sales of 2015 (Caterpillar.com 2016). Caterpillar has now become worlds leading manufacturer of mining equipment and construction. The company has wide range of products and services. Figure 1: PESTLE analysis (Source: Zalengera et al. 2014) Political- As Caterpillar has globally been running the business it has created a strong global presence (Gillam and Siriwardena 2013). As the organization has wide range of products and services, it best meets the needs and demands of people. However, there have been certain laws and tariffs based on the country influence the operation. For example, in the developing the country like China, it could not make desired profits due to its country regulations, changeable trades laws and different tariffs. Economic- Due to the long-term global operation, the company has to go through the dynamic nature of the market. Moreover, it has also been identified that economic stability hardly remains stable for long. In most of the countries, there is a state of economic uncertainty, which largely affect the business operations. However, in some developing countries like China, UK, US, Australia, Caterpillar has found the ways to spread its wings (Zalengera et al. 2014). A large part of the revenue comes from UK and Australia. Notwithstanding, it can be mentioned that economic uncertainty is the significant factor that largely influence the operation. Social- Based on the country operation, the trends of purchasing the products and services differ. Caterpillar is running its operation in more than 180 countries; thereby, the ways each country has different culture and trends. However, with the help of advanced strategies, the company identifies the social needs and gaps and based on the identification, it designs and develops the products. Technology- Caterpillar has long history of innovations; thus, the company is always a step ahead in adopting new technology in its products and services. In addition, as it is global manufacturing organization, the company implements ongoing technological advancement. Caterpillar tends to implement the best technologies for its construction operations. Environmental- Caterpillar has taken the initiative of moving towards the environmental sustainability. Now, with the help of advanced technology and the process of innovations, the company has increased the productivity of innovation but it has no impact on the environment. Legal- As discussed earlier, the trade laws and countrys regulations have been affecting the operations of Caterpillar. There have been different export, import and labor laws that are highly considered by the company. However, when the changes occur in the political environment, these laws change affecting the organizations operation (Caterpillar.com 2016). Critically Analyzing the Findings The finding of the data analysis helps to learn that Caterpillar has tremendously running its operations in the global environment. This has opened up different opportunities to the company based on which, it deals with other external barriers. However, the company experiences an instable political environment, which results in operational failure. The company faces different operational issues due to the unstable political environment in China. On the contrary, by implementing the environmental sustainability strategies, it develops the ways implementing the manufacturing operations that cause no less harm to the environment (Kolios and Read 2013). It also provides the guidelines to its customers not to harm the environment. Determining the Likelihood of Success The long-term past history of Caterpillar and vast product range facilitates the ways of extending the operations. In addition, due to the adoption of new technology and innovation, Caterpillar leaves no stone unturned to meet the needs and changing demands of the customers. However, it is necessary for the organization to pay more attention to the mining side of the business as emerging markets may require coals along with other resources. Moreover, in order to penetrate more in Asian market, Caterpillar needs to expand the dealership opportunities. This may help to increase to expand the business in Middle East and other Asian countries. On the contrary, the customer relation is one of the important aspect should be covered by the company. This could be done through repairing and maintenance scheduling. Reference List: Caterpillar.com. (2016). Caterpillar. [online] Available at: https://www.caterpillar.com/ [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Gillam, S. and Siriwardena, A.N., 2013. Leadership and management for quality.Quality in primary care,21(4), pp.253-259. Kolios, A. and Read, G., 2013. A political, economic, social, technology, legal and environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the tidal industry in the United Kingdom.Energies,6(10), pp.5023-5045. Zalengera, C., Blanchard, R.E., Eames, P.C., Juma, A.M., Chitawo, M.L. and Gondwe, K.T., 2014. Overview of the Malawi energy situation and A PESTLE analysis for sustainable development of renewable energy.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,38, pp.335-347.